{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:3M4TSCT7VN2DGJFRJ4XDENKDKP","short_pith_number":"pith:3M4TSCT7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1904.03207","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-04-05T18:04:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"316ba0c2d27e78ddb50933737c21db1197209671fe7ca5d5ab51f9410abc1f77","abstract_canon_sha256":"94c9416a4c8206e1ff3a873ef1ca7ff9572dea0630ae172a0abf610f24cf49fb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"db39390a7fab743324b14f2e32354353f328c5bdecac8eb94e02f8309044edd9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1904.03207","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1904.03207","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1904.03207v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1904.03207","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3M4TSCT7VN2D","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3M4TSCT7VN2DGJFR","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3M4TSCT7","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:3M4TSCT7VN2DGJFRJ4XDENKDKP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1904.03207","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-04-05T18:04:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"316ba0c2d27e78ddb50933737c21db1197209671fe7ca5d5ab51f9410abc1f77","abstract_canon_sha256":"94c9416a4c8206e1ff3a873ef1ca7ff9572dea0630ae172a0abf610f24cf49fb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"db39390a7fab743324b14f2e32354353f328c5bdecac8eb94e02f8309044edd9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03.702519Z","signature_b64":"NnENmQ4Bblu4/bpsnNg9DEDa9DeBum5D9ydn3X2VUlooI/elksN0tXPY+KR3olFxW13kHwUFaVaYgcTjus0KDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"db39390a7fab743324b14f2e32354353f328c5bdecac8eb94e02f8309044edd9","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03.702063Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03.702063Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1904.03207","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qtgNu16ZOAC+NosZA5VdQ1SWvOb1VFZueYDL5c+ZmNCdyfLQvtCXL8qjFnyf04tXz8DDQ0lX7TOnl+HEO0kTCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T13:41:42.014322Z"},"content_sha256":"4f1976315a633b0df0744a8f7f5944f23636a261276837bc65cf983af3f46c85","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4f1976315a633b0df0744a8f7f5944f23636a261276837bc65cf983af3f46c85"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:3M4TSCT7VN2DGJFRJ4XDENKDKP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Generalized Schwinger effect and particle production in an expanding universe","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Karthik Rajeev, Sumanta Chakraborty, T. Padmanabhan","submitted_at":"2019-04-05T18:04:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"We discuss several aspects of particle production in: (a) time dependent electric field and (b) expanding Friedmann background. In the first part of the paper, we provide an algebraic mapping between the differential equations describing these two phenomena. This mapping allows a direct comparison between (a) and (b) and we highlight several interesting features of both cases using this approach. We determine the form of the (equivalent) electric field corresponding to different Friedmann spacetimes and discover, for example, a time-dependent electric field which, in a specific limit, leads to"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1904.03207","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1904.03207/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Tbd63PykakAh/d+k0qs0C21KbOzu5HR4keGq0Y5w1tLA+rCfcuivx/aDK5g/0+mVjQu9KE/qKN23NDiVf3e3CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T13:41:42.015275Z"},"content_sha256":"a9fa20cf47f4db7a57fedb0855fd1d417c472f71b711495de03a8fe9d9281067","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a9fa20cf47f4db7a57fedb0855fd1d417c472f71b711495de03a8fe9d9281067"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3M4TSCT7VN2DGJFRJ4XDENKDKP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3M4TSCT7VN2DGJFRJ4XDENKDKP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3M4TSCT7VN2DGJFRJ4XDENKDKP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T13:41:42Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3M4TSCT7VN2DGJFRJ4XDENKDKP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3M4TSCT7VN2DGJFRJ4XDENKDKP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3M4TSCT7VN2DGJFRJ4XDENKDKP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3M4TSCT7VN2DGJFRJ4XDENKDKP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:3M4TSCT7VN2DGJFRJ4XDENKDKP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"94c9416a4c8206e1ff3a873ef1ca7ff9572dea0630ae172a0abf610f24cf49fb","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-04-05T18:04:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"316ba0c2d27e78ddb50933737c21db1197209671fe7ca5d5ab51f9410abc1f77"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1904.03207","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1904.03207","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1904.03207v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1904.03207","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3M4TSCT7VN2D","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3M4TSCT7VN2DGJFR","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3M4TSCT7","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a9fa20cf47f4db7a57fedb0855fd1d417c472f71b711495de03a8fe9d9281067","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1904.03207/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We discuss several aspects of particle production in: (a) time dependent electric field and (b) expanding Friedmann background. In the first part of the paper, we provide an algebraic mapping between the differential equations describing these two phenomena. This mapping allows a direct comparison between (a) and (b) and we highlight several interesting features of both cases using this approach. We determine the form of the (equivalent) electric field corresponding to different Friedmann spacetimes and discover, for example, a time-dependent electric field which, in a specific limit, leads to","authors_text":"Karthik Rajeev, Sumanta Chakraborty, T. Padmanabhan","cross_cats":["hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-04-05T18:04:26Z","title":"Generalized Schwinger effect and particle production in an expanding universe"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1904.03207","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4f1976315a633b0df0744a8f7f5944f23636a261276837bc65cf983af3f46c85","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"94c9416a4c8206e1ff3a873ef1ca7ff9572dea0630ae172a0abf610f24cf49fb","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2019-04-05T18:04:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"316ba0c2d27e78ddb50933737c21db1197209671fe7ca5d5ab51f9410abc1f77"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1904.03207","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"db39390a7fab743324b14f2e32354353f328c5bdecac8eb94e02f8309044edd9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"db39390a7fab743324b14f2e32354353f328c5bdecac8eb94e02f8309044edd9","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03.702063Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03.702063Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"NnENmQ4Bblu4/bpsnNg9DEDa9DeBum5D9ydn3X2VUlooI/elksN0tXPY+KR3olFxW13kHwUFaVaYgcTjus0KDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:00:03.702519Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1904.03207","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4f1976315a633b0df0744a8f7f5944f23636a261276837bc65cf983af3f46c85","sha256:a9fa20cf47f4db7a57fedb0855fd1d417c472f71b711495de03a8fe9d9281067"],"state_sha256":"cb504c5e472646a452344bc0542b27a3b2fba35241bf793a7b868ed4cebe806c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Qb9uZihySX11zEinpUslVxrFVpRGOeq34OPYibKr1mSrLEMyS78vux7mOBp3U6LRRiUo4gCoqjMV6gqRJedBDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T13:41:42.020220Z","bundle_sha256":"d19e0b38efcb5aa35ee436d715b792aec453c8f6b603bcc92857ed2ad1146dbd"}}