{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:3M6ECWXH6TIEZBY2QDXLPBEY6V","short_pith_number":"pith:3M6ECWXH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.03805","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2018-01-11T15:07:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a4cb4d1270f6da56b7b3ecc7108292688d8deb8bf61a92f607b83c6cd8216218","abstract_canon_sha256":"fe07074a3215ef8ee8f5c409cd3d1201a6aa7d8370a6fc0f499147a0afd631aa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"db3c415ae7f4d04c871a80eeb78498f57314c99ddcd196909949a072e5b23fd7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1801.03805","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.03805","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:17:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.03805v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:17:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.03805","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:17:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3M6ECWXH6TIE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3M6ECWXH6TIEZBY2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3M6ECWXH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:3M6ECWXH6TIEZBY2QDXLPBEY6V","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.03805","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2018-01-11T15:07:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a4cb4d1270f6da56b7b3ecc7108292688d8deb8bf61a92f607b83c6cd8216218","abstract_canon_sha256":"fe07074a3215ef8ee8f5c409cd3d1201a6aa7d8370a6fc0f499147a0afd631aa"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"db3c415ae7f4d04c871a80eeb78498f57314c99ddcd196909949a072e5b23fd7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:17:53.666265Z","signature_b64":"/QodsJVQEs5Zj9EPg3Ahpkx9mO33OneacQdDDIGuBUymfZBFtqysfuwGclYLzJlizofO00vYGBuk8q/RW6m8Bg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"db3c415ae7f4d04c871a80eeb78498f57314c99ddcd196909949a072e5b23fd7","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:17:53.665730Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:17:53.665730Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1801.03805","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:17:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WZGXC4Phw37yroDLvETA76JDZuL4gj2oOoQoFURxTmQrupmOjEnzyUkbF79rsFkW7KMIscFVLdUQ81jeujtdAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T02:53:20.079270Z"},"content_sha256":"12d14e7d20bdf32ba2423c737e95a9a2a2e17456424e449c9e4a78e768a58cf7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:12d14e7d20bdf32ba2423c737e95a9a2a2e17456424e449c9e4a78e768a58cf7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:3M6ECWXH6TIEZBY2QDXLPBEY6V","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Rheology of dense granular suspensions under extensional flow","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Christopher Ness, Oliver Cheal","submitted_at":"2018-01-11T15:07:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study granular suspensions under a variety of extensional deformations and simple shear using numerical simulations. The viscosity and Trouton's ratio (the ratio of extensional to shear viscosity) are computed as functions of solids volume fraction $\\phi$ close to the limit of zero inertia. Suspensions of frictionless particles follow a Newtonian Trouton's ratio for $\\phi$ all the way up to $\\phi_0$, a universal jamming point that is independent of deformation type. In contrast, frictional particles lead to a deformation-type-dependent jamming fraction $\\phi_m$, which is largest for shear f"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.03805","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:17:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eadl/ktZjiuQw7HUf8ZwlGAN0nnSi6cPr2b8zdWEerUsGbaEe03X7DPpYvA86APUf329JWtJzNg+h9mbIm7sAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T02:53:20.079717Z"},"content_sha256":"81c2a4af85161bb994df299fa685716740d7047de5a212b0948a2338b81f06e0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:81c2a4af85161bb994df299fa685716740d7047de5a212b0948a2338b81f06e0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3M6ECWXH6TIEZBY2QDXLPBEY6V/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3M6ECWXH6TIEZBY2QDXLPBEY6V/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3M6ECWXH6TIEZBY2QDXLPBEY6V/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-17T02:53:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3M6ECWXH6TIEZBY2QDXLPBEY6V","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3M6ECWXH6TIEZBY2QDXLPBEY6V/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3M6ECWXH6TIEZBY2QDXLPBEY6V/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3M6ECWXH6TIEZBY2QDXLPBEY6V/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:3M6ECWXH6TIEZBY2QDXLPBEY6V","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fe07074a3215ef8ee8f5c409cd3d1201a6aa7d8370a6fc0f499147a0afd631aa","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2018-01-11T15:07:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"a4cb4d1270f6da56b7b3ecc7108292688d8deb8bf61a92f607b83c6cd8216218"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.03805","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.03805","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:17:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.03805v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:17:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.03805","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:17:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3M6ECWXH6TIE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3M6ECWXH6TIEZBY2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3M6ECWXH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:81c2a4af85161bb994df299fa685716740d7047de5a212b0948a2338b81f06e0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:17:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study granular suspensions under a variety of extensional deformations and simple shear using numerical simulations. The viscosity and Trouton's ratio (the ratio of extensional to shear viscosity) are computed as functions of solids volume fraction $\\phi$ close to the limit of zero inertia. Suspensions of frictionless particles follow a Newtonian Trouton's ratio for $\\phi$ all the way up to $\\phi_0$, a universal jamming point that is independent of deformation type. In contrast, frictional particles lead to a deformation-type-dependent jamming fraction $\\phi_m$, which is largest for shear f","authors_text":"Christopher Ness, Oliver Cheal","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2018-01-11T15:07:55Z","title":"Rheology of dense granular suspensions under extensional flow"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.03805","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:12d14e7d20bdf32ba2423c737e95a9a2a2e17456424e449c9e4a78e768a58cf7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:17:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fe07074a3215ef8ee8f5c409cd3d1201a6aa7d8370a6fc0f499147a0afd631aa","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2018-01-11T15:07:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"a4cb4d1270f6da56b7b3ecc7108292688d8deb8bf61a92f607b83c6cd8216218"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.03805","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"db3c415ae7f4d04c871a80eeb78498f57314c99ddcd196909949a072e5b23fd7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"db3c415ae7f4d04c871a80eeb78498f57314c99ddcd196909949a072e5b23fd7","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:17:53.665730Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:17:53.665730Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"/QodsJVQEs5Zj9EPg3Ahpkx9mO33OneacQdDDIGuBUymfZBFtqysfuwGclYLzJlizofO00vYGBuk8q/RW6m8Bg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:17:53.666265Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1801.03805","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:12d14e7d20bdf32ba2423c737e95a9a2a2e17456424e449c9e4a78e768a58cf7","sha256:81c2a4af85161bb994df299fa685716740d7047de5a212b0948a2338b81f06e0"],"state_sha256":"62dcdfc0eee58afa42824443fc4a6cf4a6fceb8137fab449114ad362adeade57"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UwKq1wnR9mek8hpsX4EvJNFAlW1J4ANKyAigkgJYehmyIc3COftDopz9Nt8AqCzRDzWKp4AUPdtDlZOuqvmlCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T02:53:20.082665Z","bundle_sha256":"408db780b2558d2760dc09bfa5ca3f9508596427caa4b9e5ee5446aeb014f44e"}}