{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:3NC5NR67JUNE6JKAYTXZTDNU3K","short_pith_number":"pith:3NC5NR67","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1310.2660","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math-ph","submitted_at":"2013-10-09T23:40:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.MP"],"title_canon_sha256":"490b5ec1c8c91598642c445c4b6b9c40e489d7e99837a6bb2b8b641fe440f99e","abstract_canon_sha256":"11a7d550b4b8868fdb5ad075ed3cbe8961b4a7aecf7e320ede5908582474f262"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"db45d6c7df4d1a4f2540c4ef998db4daa8a9a055802c7b594dd1242ee3d65853","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1310.2660","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1310.2660","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1310.2660v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1310.2660","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3NC5NR67JUNE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3NC5NR67JUNE6JKA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3NC5NR67","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:3NC5NR67JUNE6JKAYTXZTDNU3K","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1310.2660","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math-ph","submitted_at":"2013-10-09T23:40:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.MP"],"title_canon_sha256":"490b5ec1c8c91598642c445c4b6b9c40e489d7e99837a6bb2b8b641fe440f99e","abstract_canon_sha256":"11a7d550b4b8868fdb5ad075ed3cbe8961b4a7aecf7e320ede5908582474f262"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"db45d6c7df4d1a4f2540c4ef998db4daa8a9a055802c7b594dd1242ee3d65853","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:47.021657Z","signature_b64":"nQBujeI6/BdbgDwxkMU+iyYlBHWxqC/8IBUkSWwOemq87HdG3tz7Cun9LH/dO6HzPxBct1Tgr+zSqHKDLKayDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"db45d6c7df4d1a4f2540c4ef998db4daa8a9a055802c7b594dd1242ee3d65853","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:47.020952Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:47.020952Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1310.2660","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SILNrmMVD8KiyMvbiHTfG7nDkY5e7MVGctGJ4Bfr9LUIxT3qqFMgMCue/uv2hAf479+6uq3CqeQwmPJmVLLfDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T14:30:22.876729Z"},"content_sha256":"985c4fa6e4ebdbbc5e20879413cdea1ece6669871b042d7a037914e6ebca3249","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:985c4fa6e4ebdbbc5e20879413cdea1ece6669871b042d7a037914e6ebca3249"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:3NC5NR67JUNE6JKAYTXZTDNU3K","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A kinematic wave theory of capacity drop","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.MP"],"primary_cat":"math-ph","authors_text":"Jean-Patrick Lebacque, Qi-Jian Gan, Wen-Long Jin","submitted_at":"2013-10-09T23:40:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"Capacity drop at active bottlenecks is one of the most puzzling traffic phenomena, but a thorough understanding is practically important for designing variable speed limit and ramp metering strategies. In this study, we attempt to develop a simple model of capacity drop within the framework of kinematic wave theory based on the observation that capacity drop occurs when an upstream queue forms at an active bottleneck. In addition, we assume that the fundamental diagrams are continuous in steady states. This assumption is consistent with observations and can avoid unrealistic infinite character"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1310.2660","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TgULfWGAqPf7RdOPBKhjgborNAsy7rE8eSjcYQqFVXxTKD4ZZA3heHnC2fZHZE/fIelcq6dQT+6YI1JZ4eNzBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T14:30:22.877074Z"},"content_sha256":"e690969ec79c458d681dcead96f4ccf20020d5aad68a38bf70df7d9158d1ffaf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e690969ec79c458d681dcead96f4ccf20020d5aad68a38bf70df7d9158d1ffaf"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3NC5NR67JUNE6JKAYTXZTDNU3K/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3NC5NR67JUNE6JKAYTXZTDNU3K/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3NC5NR67JUNE6JKAYTXZTDNU3K/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-08T14:30:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3NC5NR67JUNE6JKAYTXZTDNU3K","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3NC5NR67JUNE6JKAYTXZTDNU3K/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3NC5NR67JUNE6JKAYTXZTDNU3K/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3NC5NR67JUNE6JKAYTXZTDNU3K/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:3NC5NR67JUNE6JKAYTXZTDNU3K","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"11a7d550b4b8868fdb5ad075ed3cbe8961b4a7aecf7e320ede5908582474f262","cross_cats_sorted":["math.MP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math-ph","submitted_at":"2013-10-09T23:40:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"490b5ec1c8c91598642c445c4b6b9c40e489d7e99837a6bb2b8b641fe440f99e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1310.2660","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1310.2660","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1310.2660v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1310.2660","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3NC5NR67JUNE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3NC5NR67JUNE6JKA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3NC5NR67","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e690969ec79c458d681dcead96f4ccf20020d5aad68a38bf70df7d9158d1ffaf","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Capacity drop at active bottlenecks is one of the most puzzling traffic phenomena, but a thorough understanding is practically important for designing variable speed limit and ramp metering strategies. In this study, we attempt to develop a simple model of capacity drop within the framework of kinematic wave theory based on the observation that capacity drop occurs when an upstream queue forms at an active bottleneck. In addition, we assume that the fundamental diagrams are continuous in steady states. This assumption is consistent with observations and can avoid unrealistic infinite character","authors_text":"Jean-Patrick Lebacque, Qi-Jian Gan, Wen-Long Jin","cross_cats":["math.MP"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math-ph","submitted_at":"2013-10-09T23:40:42Z","title":"A kinematic wave theory of capacity drop"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1310.2660","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:985c4fa6e4ebdbbc5e20879413cdea1ece6669871b042d7a037914e6ebca3249","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"11a7d550b4b8868fdb5ad075ed3cbe8961b4a7aecf7e320ede5908582474f262","cross_cats_sorted":["math.MP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math-ph","submitted_at":"2013-10-09T23:40:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"490b5ec1c8c91598642c445c4b6b9c40e489d7e99837a6bb2b8b641fe440f99e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1310.2660","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"db45d6c7df4d1a4f2540c4ef998db4daa8a9a055802c7b594dd1242ee3d65853","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"db45d6c7df4d1a4f2540c4ef998db4daa8a9a055802c7b594dd1242ee3d65853","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:47.020952Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:47.020952Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"nQBujeI6/BdbgDwxkMU+iyYlBHWxqC/8IBUkSWwOemq87HdG3tz7Cun9LH/dO6HzPxBct1Tgr+zSqHKDLKayDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:10:47.021657Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1310.2660","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:985c4fa6e4ebdbbc5e20879413cdea1ece6669871b042d7a037914e6ebca3249","sha256:e690969ec79c458d681dcead96f4ccf20020d5aad68a38bf70df7d9158d1ffaf"],"state_sha256":"ceae3bdcc293094a918a98211cdaab03b7fa301260fdad0e6004014ed47f9e79"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"89U3HKCF3KQgMs9uck+TGYXWhCIZmOHe833+C2OL98xSEf7ZbJarDmKWMBlbiAbTcOBkuegIsYDBpU9Yym99Dw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T14:30:22.879272Z","bundle_sha256":"1e0ca09257c8938fa75349c10950d91d4223b1b4bf4bc5af7daba0dae9c6437e"}}