{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:3NIAKOILSBP2BBQ7WIKKM4LZJJ","short_pith_number":"pith:3NIAKOIL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1307.4539","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2013-07-17T08:47:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.dis-nn","cond-mat.mes-hall","physics.flu-dyn","physics.geo-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"b366afbaae8a198bf12ce4e2267e680c821413ce7fd6e0117849c46a0a66acdb","abstract_canon_sha256":"3764993458e31669d25c8812e56dd0461743df52704901be82858a92823b0939"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"db5005390b905fa0861fb214a671794a559dd489bc02580eeb1eebbdd8952367","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1307.4539","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1307.4539","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1307.4539v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1307.4539","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3NIAKOILSBP2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3NIAKOILSBP2BBQ7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3NIAKOIL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:3NIAKOILSBP2BBQ7WIKKM4LZJJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1307.4539","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2013-07-17T08:47:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.dis-nn","cond-mat.mes-hall","physics.flu-dyn","physics.geo-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"b366afbaae8a198bf12ce4e2267e680c821413ce7fd6e0117849c46a0a66acdb","abstract_canon_sha256":"3764993458e31669d25c8812e56dd0461743df52704901be82858a92823b0939"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"db5005390b905fa0861fb214a671794a559dd489bc02580eeb1eebbdd8952367","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:39.919074Z","signature_b64":"FuwVQ5GO0vQ6B9Z0QhkJ0htriygZUewfPBPi2P3a5DNKzZlwisiVTXpwr+2rDIi/UbxwTWxo8evkyRjGzm5gDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"db5005390b905fa0861fb214a671794a559dd489bc02580eeb1eebbdd8952367","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:39.918372Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:39.918372Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1307.4539","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BmuvMaTGvRUW0EtvAJNQJQj5gxrcbwRVLnIfwz+p3NOjV6sWnh66qfLpmKHL44EAlqv7t37ZUnxDGLdhqwOCCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-26T21:46:57.110389Z"},"content_sha256":"60a0c58a8f25697c423141f2bc0fc7a3c6842cb5f3ad8945d723f71021caa334","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:60a0c58a8f25697c423141f2bc0fc7a3c6842cb5f3ad8945d723f71021caa334"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:3NIAKOILSBP2BBQ7WIKKM4LZJJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Spatial Fluctuations Of Fluid Velocities In Flow Through A Three-Dimensional Porous Medium","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.dis-nn","cond-mat.mes-hall","physics.flu-dyn","physics.geo-ph"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"David A. Weitz, Harry Chiang, Sujit S. Datta, T. S. Ramakrishnan","submitted_at":"2013-07-17T08:47:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"We use confocal microscopy to directly visualize the spatial fluctuations in fluid flow through a three-dimensional porous medium. We find that the velocity magnitudes and the velocity components both along and transverse to the imposed flow direction are exponentially distributed, even with residual trapping of a second immiscible fluid. Moreover, we find pore-scale correlations in the flow that are determined by the geometry of the medium. Our results suggest that, despite the considerable complexity of the pore space, fluid flow through it is not completely random."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1307.4539","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3Is2fCHgRf4Dar4rCtHUgVrtageDnjIq2rmZAe8hetWkM/ih3C+0/y7oRzcyT7Zqy1HBYnfn0EBeO4kEpb0PAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-26T21:46:57.110733Z"},"content_sha256":"97f0705a5f6d5647aeabc5891e4e03de34f87c5d7f6595cb8ee16b244988e9d4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:97f0705a5f6d5647aeabc5891e4e03de34f87c5d7f6595cb8ee16b244988e9d4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3NIAKOILSBP2BBQ7WIKKM4LZJJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3NIAKOILSBP2BBQ7WIKKM4LZJJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3NIAKOILSBP2BBQ7WIKKM4LZJJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-26T21:46:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3NIAKOILSBP2BBQ7WIKKM4LZJJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3NIAKOILSBP2BBQ7WIKKM4LZJJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3NIAKOILSBP2BBQ7WIKKM4LZJJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3NIAKOILSBP2BBQ7WIKKM4LZJJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:3NIAKOILSBP2BBQ7WIKKM4LZJJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3764993458e31669d25c8812e56dd0461743df52704901be82858a92823b0939","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.dis-nn","cond-mat.mes-hall","physics.flu-dyn","physics.geo-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2013-07-17T08:47:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"b366afbaae8a198bf12ce4e2267e680c821413ce7fd6e0117849c46a0a66acdb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1307.4539","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1307.4539","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1307.4539v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1307.4539","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3NIAKOILSBP2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3NIAKOILSBP2BBQ7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3NIAKOIL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:97f0705a5f6d5647aeabc5891e4e03de34f87c5d7f6595cb8ee16b244988e9d4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We use confocal microscopy to directly visualize the spatial fluctuations in fluid flow through a three-dimensional porous medium. We find that the velocity magnitudes and the velocity components both along and transverse to the imposed flow direction are exponentially distributed, even with residual trapping of a second immiscible fluid. Moreover, we find pore-scale correlations in the flow that are determined by the geometry of the medium. Our results suggest that, despite the considerable complexity of the pore space, fluid flow through it is not completely random.","authors_text":"David A. Weitz, Harry Chiang, Sujit S. Datta, T. S. Ramakrishnan","cross_cats":["cond-mat.dis-nn","cond-mat.mes-hall","physics.flu-dyn","physics.geo-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2013-07-17T08:47:47Z","title":"Spatial Fluctuations Of Fluid Velocities In Flow Through A Three-Dimensional Porous Medium"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1307.4539","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:60a0c58a8f25697c423141f2bc0fc7a3c6842cb5f3ad8945d723f71021caa334","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3764993458e31669d25c8812e56dd0461743df52704901be82858a92823b0939","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.dis-nn","cond-mat.mes-hall","physics.flu-dyn","physics.geo-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2013-07-17T08:47:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"b366afbaae8a198bf12ce4e2267e680c821413ce7fd6e0117849c46a0a66acdb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1307.4539","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"db5005390b905fa0861fb214a671794a559dd489bc02580eeb1eebbdd8952367","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"db5005390b905fa0861fb214a671794a559dd489bc02580eeb1eebbdd8952367","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:39.918372Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:39.918372Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"FuwVQ5GO0vQ6B9Z0QhkJ0htriygZUewfPBPi2P3a5DNKzZlwisiVTXpwr+2rDIi/UbxwTWxo8evkyRjGzm5gDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:16:39.919074Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1307.4539","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:60a0c58a8f25697c423141f2bc0fc7a3c6842cb5f3ad8945d723f71021caa334","sha256:97f0705a5f6d5647aeabc5891e4e03de34f87c5d7f6595cb8ee16b244988e9d4"],"state_sha256":"3a10b108fd6e2395a092211ad3c7123d97ce866c96034a634c9438fd4529ed3d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Df0mz16Nn5IWam8YMHxXFx5T2qmXRIOSnKMYNYAm7h3zJ472I2B0BkxmL3aAJhEpGagOjen1fJ6Zgjg3xQo0Dg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-26T21:46:57.112622Z","bundle_sha256":"1ff2cbf5c9e1cce0147f46e11ba18aa639f301cc6012a800d1bc927bfdf05704"}}