{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:3NS25K74SQPNA7YET2V6KFFAEC","short_pith_number":"pith:3NS25K74","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1103.4666","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2011-03-24T02:32:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"a4bc0eed6cdeb2c5fea53a2e84f1c44b1796cd199a34e07ea34fb0b97bf48edc","abstract_canon_sha256":"a36feb2a46f6a39a1355234ef04d3116064df9d825b242019043c7d183dc6af7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"db65aeabfc941ed07f049eabe514a0209817b56f67d5b810d42d2fd6dbe151e7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1103.4666","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1103.4666","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1103.4666v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1103.4666","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3NS25K74SQPN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3NS25K74SQPNA7YE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3NS25K74","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:3NS25K74SQPNA7YET2V6KFFAEC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1103.4666","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2011-03-24T02:32:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"title_canon_sha256":"a4bc0eed6cdeb2c5fea53a2e84f1c44b1796cd199a34e07ea34fb0b97bf48edc","abstract_canon_sha256":"a36feb2a46f6a39a1355234ef04d3116064df9d825b242019043c7d183dc6af7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"db65aeabfc941ed07f049eabe514a0209817b56f67d5b810d42d2fd6dbe151e7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:01.136797Z","signature_b64":"Zy8+aHwXBMtyKFz/kvm1gwAO8M0R74q3jdQArvnIliNCoLwOiBLZV25bxN4ZgqmMN91XAVvWaVXjEnhrpiV9Dw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"db65aeabfc941ed07f049eabe514a0209817b56f67d5b810d42d2fd6dbe151e7","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:01.136382Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:01.136382Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1103.4666","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KHNXvPoVWUgMRRrHzTFNVF+tou7aWA0TZ4OQNlQSC84Ruc6n3Ox33Re4+6cj387M/GSHCsNOCSl/3P0Si3I5DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T12:23:27.429617Z"},"content_sha256":"51ba06f88aa3fe8a82f6eba14ef3a43bb97883e7d8382ec2de9410421f40dbfa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:51ba06f88aa3fe8a82f6eba14ef3a43bb97883e7d8382ec2de9410421f40dbfa"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:3NS25K74SQPNA7YET2V6KFFAEC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Ambipolar bistable switching effect of graphene","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"Charanjit S. Bhatia, Gengchiau Liang, Gopinadhan Kalon, Hyunsoo Yang, Jae Hyun Kwon, Kai-Tak Lam, Young Jun Shin","submitted_at":"2011-03-24T02:32:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"Reproducible current hysteresis is observed in graphene with a back gate structure in a two-terminal configuration. By applying a back gate bias to tune the Fermi level, an opposite sequence of switching with the different charge carriers, holes and electrons, is found. The charging and discharging effect is proposed to explain this ambipolar bistable hysteretic switching. To confirm this hypothesis, one-level transport model simulations including charging effect are performed and the results are consistent with our experimental data. Methods of improving the ON/OFF ratio of graphene resistive"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1103.4666","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GjrhW3X7dK7shupjOIdv5N8KGT0Mu+nWEBS4j/och3jYpeuD6at7IsGEJrWsvqRjbxA/3jv0/JDVjm5cb2iEBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T12:23:27.429966Z"},"content_sha256":"07eb729a7a6216f55e70b60edb359916e03c38167a4db9fe22f8c31164c626f4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:07eb729a7a6216f55e70b60edb359916e03c38167a4db9fe22f8c31164c626f4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3NS25K74SQPNA7YET2V6KFFAEC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3NS25K74SQPNA7YET2V6KFFAEC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3NS25K74SQPNA7YET2V6KFFAEC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T12:23:27Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3NS25K74SQPNA7YET2V6KFFAEC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3NS25K74SQPNA7YET2V6KFFAEC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3NS25K74SQPNA7YET2V6KFFAEC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3NS25K74SQPNA7YET2V6KFFAEC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:3NS25K74SQPNA7YET2V6KFFAEC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a36feb2a46f6a39a1355234ef04d3116064df9d825b242019043c7d183dc6af7","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2011-03-24T02:32:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"a4bc0eed6cdeb2c5fea53a2e84f1c44b1796cd199a34e07ea34fb0b97bf48edc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1103.4666","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1103.4666","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1103.4666v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1103.4666","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3NS25K74SQPN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3NS25K74SQPNA7YE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3NS25K74","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:07eb729a7a6216f55e70b60edb359916e03c38167a4db9fe22f8c31164c626f4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Reproducible current hysteresis is observed in graphene with a back gate structure in a two-terminal configuration. By applying a back gate bias to tune the Fermi level, an opposite sequence of switching with the different charge carriers, holes and electrons, is found. The charging and discharging effect is proposed to explain this ambipolar bistable hysteretic switching. To confirm this hypothesis, one-level transport model simulations including charging effect are performed and the results are consistent with our experimental data. Methods of improving the ON/OFF ratio of graphene resistive","authors_text":"Charanjit S. Bhatia, Gengchiau Liang, Gopinadhan Kalon, Hyunsoo Yang, Jae Hyun Kwon, Kai-Tak Lam, Young Jun Shin","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2011-03-24T02:32:03Z","title":"Ambipolar bistable switching effect of graphene"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1103.4666","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:51ba06f88aa3fe8a82f6eba14ef3a43bb97883e7d8382ec2de9410421f40dbfa","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a36feb2a46f6a39a1355234ef04d3116064df9d825b242019043c7d183dc6af7","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2011-03-24T02:32:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"a4bc0eed6cdeb2c5fea53a2e84f1c44b1796cd199a34e07ea34fb0b97bf48edc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1103.4666","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"db65aeabfc941ed07f049eabe514a0209817b56f67d5b810d42d2fd6dbe151e7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"db65aeabfc941ed07f049eabe514a0209817b56f67d5b810d42d2fd6dbe151e7","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:01.136382Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:01.136382Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Zy8+aHwXBMtyKFz/kvm1gwAO8M0R74q3jdQArvnIliNCoLwOiBLZV25bxN4ZgqmMN91XAVvWaVXjEnhrpiV9Dw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:01.136797Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1103.4666","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:51ba06f88aa3fe8a82f6eba14ef3a43bb97883e7d8382ec2de9410421f40dbfa","sha256:07eb729a7a6216f55e70b60edb359916e03c38167a4db9fe22f8c31164c626f4"],"state_sha256":"c0ffea3bd1a9f0de659b692b85791951b5339dffd321d88d95c3d4f28ea62720"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Iub+FyQSIpmRenFHK4V8tqFKC+fAiioNzGU6mr/z6cAZnYcdLrquj4LnXnRP+7B+5FO3AOe50H/hy2i+l04RDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T12:23:27.432575Z","bundle_sha256":"0087616a50f19769e6e7e6886780e1beace815bec9640b60e0dcfa9b1d609e27"}}