{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:3O26ETARL5GDXOXYT6WZM7FHLQ","short_pith_number":"pith:3O26ETAR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2406.17231","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-06-25T02:37:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1d5f6ef99aa08f4c99a4abcf1d4903b8dcf3ffc5b1e76701e5eee5524893df85","abstract_canon_sha256":"208c4d664698cf54a292c4f253e5d676c91764f7fa315a06a6299ea230abe6ff"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"dbb5e24c115f4c3bbaf89fad967ca75c07a36ecae05d39da4c634c7c507f98aa","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2406.17231","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2406.17231","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2406.17231v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2406.17231","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3O26ETARL5GD","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3O26ETARL5GDXOXY","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3O26ETAR","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:3O26ETARL5GDXOXYT6WZM7FHLQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2406.17231","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-06-25T02:37:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1d5f6ef99aa08f4c99a4abcf1d4903b8dcf3ffc5b1e76701e5eee5524893df85","abstract_canon_sha256":"208c4d664698cf54a292c4f253e5d676c91764f7fa315a06a6299ea230abe6ff"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"dbb5e24c115f4c3bbaf89fad967ca75c07a36ecae05d39da4c634c7c507f98aa","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31.659189Z","signature_b64":"n32ADL34Dk4fOGospkGjdfKw/AJh8XGNIObKYJev3Oj4X82ogBcFvBMaIfCuR2HEQ+WLRxZf8DRXYHzxkYARDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"dbb5e24c115f4c3bbaf89fad967ca75c07a36ecae05d39da4c634c7c507f98aa","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31.658747Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31.658747Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2406.17231","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZfaBfcT+tQOVLtKaTVyQO/Ea0951i4Byr8QduIJ55kmpgjccREMJR6/47MHmW3pRktpITFsu7HKci+0FY8AlBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T01:30:02.681247Z"},"content_sha256":"179408c50e04327994eda30576e2b33edddcf89cf256669ce772740c346fd551","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:179408c50e04327994eda30576e2b33edddcf89cf256669ce772740c346fd551"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:3O26ETARL5GDXOXYT6WZM7FHLQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"CogMG: Collaborative Augmentation Between Large Language Model and Knowledge Graph","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Jun Zhao, Kang Liu, Tong Zhou, Yubo Chen","submitted_at":"2024-06-25T02:37:12Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large language models have become integral to question-answering applications despite their propensity for generating hallucinations and factually inaccurate content. Querying knowledge graphs to reduce hallucinations in LLM meets the challenge of incomplete knowledge coverage in knowledge graphs. On the other hand, updating knowledge graphs by information extraction and knowledge graph completion faces the knowledge update misalignment issue. In this work, we introduce a collaborative augmentation framework, CogMG, leveraging knowledge graphs to address the limitations of LLMs in QA scenarios"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2406.17231","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2406.17231/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fQ252e6NRU5FAs523HZSq8CT+5OCvdUG0iU/eHjsOuHWdn7+fueQqC+ljZFY8+wMgcrre2Uc3B28Kv4hVL1oCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T01:30:02.682171Z"},"content_sha256":"41f4709e93fd187bb4942b5d321b1e7b02b25ad64bc375c3caef72b4cb1c1d59","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:41f4709e93fd187bb4942b5d321b1e7b02b25ad64bc375c3caef72b4cb1c1d59"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3O26ETARL5GDXOXYT6WZM7FHLQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3O26ETARL5GDXOXYT6WZM7FHLQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3O26ETARL5GDXOXYT6WZM7FHLQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T01:30:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3O26ETARL5GDXOXYT6WZM7FHLQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3O26ETARL5GDXOXYT6WZM7FHLQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3O26ETARL5GDXOXYT6WZM7FHLQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3O26ETARL5GDXOXYT6WZM7FHLQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:3O26ETARL5GDXOXYT6WZM7FHLQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"208c4d664698cf54a292c4f253e5d676c91764f7fa315a06a6299ea230abe6ff","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-06-25T02:37:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"1d5f6ef99aa08f4c99a4abcf1d4903b8dcf3ffc5b1e76701e5eee5524893df85"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2406.17231","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2406.17231","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2406.17231v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2406.17231","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3O26ETARL5GD","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3O26ETARL5GDXOXY","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3O26ETAR","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:41f4709e93fd187bb4942b5d321b1e7b02b25ad64bc375c3caef72b4cb1c1d59","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2406.17231/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large language models have become integral to question-answering applications despite their propensity for generating hallucinations and factually inaccurate content. Querying knowledge graphs to reduce hallucinations in LLM meets the challenge of incomplete knowledge coverage in knowledge graphs. On the other hand, updating knowledge graphs by information extraction and knowledge graph completion faces the knowledge update misalignment issue. In this work, we introduce a collaborative augmentation framework, CogMG, leveraging knowledge graphs to address the limitations of LLMs in QA scenarios","authors_text":"Jun Zhao, Kang Liu, Tong Zhou, Yubo Chen","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-06-25T02:37:12Z","title":"CogMG: Collaborative Augmentation Between Large Language Model and Knowledge Graph"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2406.17231","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:179408c50e04327994eda30576e2b33edddcf89cf256669ce772740c346fd551","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"208c4d664698cf54a292c4f253e5d676c91764f7fa315a06a6299ea230abe6ff","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-06-25T02:37:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"1d5f6ef99aa08f4c99a4abcf1d4903b8dcf3ffc5b1e76701e5eee5524893df85"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2406.17231","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"dbb5e24c115f4c3bbaf89fad967ca75c07a36ecae05d39da4c634c7c507f98aa","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"dbb5e24c115f4c3bbaf89fad967ca75c07a36ecae05d39da4c634c7c507f98aa","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31.658747Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31.658747Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"n32ADL34Dk4fOGospkGjdfKw/AJh8XGNIObKYJev3Oj4X82ogBcFvBMaIfCuR2HEQ+WLRxZf8DRXYHzxkYARDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:36:31.659189Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2406.17231","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:179408c50e04327994eda30576e2b33edddcf89cf256669ce772740c346fd551","sha256:41f4709e93fd187bb4942b5d321b1e7b02b25ad64bc375c3caef72b4cb1c1d59"],"state_sha256":"e2caabda3ea5c580a8c572ad9cea6b3e59bc8fa5395473f1c8ba2eba70aafe2c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5n2c78J6tmSBGggjZ8lWn9q0tUq+K2lkQCyfcna/nq+QuLFLn3cMBOh1A7E9tUdgsftEEcjcw9CVOiAKM/7EDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T01:30:02.687284Z","bundle_sha256":"defbf7434a4252ff900de66994224fb9a3026481b55bbf2c536f0b975ebdb769"}}