{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:3O4L6IUGMNZLSX2JTYZK7UFJRU","short_pith_number":"pith:3O4L6IUG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1111.1157","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-11-04T15:34:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"9caa7931ab8cbaa2010d1692191852e72fffd060259d0ee591bc609a799d6463","abstract_canon_sha256":"d2f3ecc0b60488284d1970dc310e691d7f0b9c9e9c03c3c01838e702d51557f7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"dbb8bf22866372b95f499e32afd0a98d29617338053a701a03981b0a08aa2b56","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1111.1157","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1111.1157","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1111.1157v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1111.1157","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3O4L6IUGMNZL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3O4L6IUGMNZLSX2J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3O4L6IUG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:3O4L6IUGMNZLSX2JTYZK7UFJRU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1111.1157","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-11-04T15:34:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"9caa7931ab8cbaa2010d1692191852e72fffd060259d0ee591bc609a799d6463","abstract_canon_sha256":"d2f3ecc0b60488284d1970dc310e691d7f0b9c9e9c03c3c01838e702d51557f7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"dbb8bf22866372b95f499e32afd0a98d29617338053a701a03981b0a08aa2b56","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01.526508Z","signature_b64":"D0bin1bVMAkAcFNGBa9lgPLnNDt2K0BqGTn3hw2bhWDsGSlaWLB7PgSFpa0wKY2CJ/iu4VLBASYy9a56iOc2BA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"dbb8bf22866372b95f499e32afd0a98d29617338053a701a03981b0a08aa2b56","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01.526000Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01.526000Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1111.1157","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/wprxtVBeCdcPLMf/auzsSE7CkoN/1N5umlAVlZs5JeDOTMvuo7UXpsOrkPQ/PmyFf/SqWDjOZ5OBzDWWGpJCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T22:51:33.098559Z"},"content_sha256":"08a7d75ab264418b3e3f441d59855a4ec5664ea147b37a3100344937d3c35f4b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:08a7d75ab264418b3e3f441d59855a4ec5664ea147b37a3100344937d3c35f4b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:3O4L6IUGMNZLSX2JTYZK7UFJRU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Cosmic axion thermalization","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"H. Tam, O. Erken, P. Sikivie, Q. Yang","submitted_at":"2011-11-04T15:34:08Z","abstract_excerpt":"Axions differ from the other cold dark matter candidates in that they form a degenerate Bose gas. It is shown that their huge quantum degeneracy and large correlation length cause cold dark matter axions to thermalize through gravitational self-interactions when the photon temperature reaches approximately 500 eV. When they thermalize, the axions form a Bose-Einstein condensate. Their thermalization occurs in a regime, herein called the `condensed regime', where the Boltzmann equation is not valid because the energy dispersion of the particles is smaller than their interaction rate. We derive "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1111.1157","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"V6yKGR3Mvpqt+lf9KxhrskeiQXUzJTBGrX75Uw4Sq5hbeZ1Pyy527LLPcsWF1D/OO1QkHaFyRjLygSsWbKpHDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T22:51:33.099293Z"},"content_sha256":"3c196f81080354fc992e9d1bce336dc0a428d8ea4031293f3b92b240a8e669cb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3c196f81080354fc992e9d1bce336dc0a428d8ea4031293f3b92b240a8e669cb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3O4L6IUGMNZLSX2JTYZK7UFJRU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3O4L6IUGMNZLSX2JTYZK7UFJRU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3O4L6IUGMNZLSX2JTYZK7UFJRU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-29T22:51:33Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3O4L6IUGMNZLSX2JTYZK7UFJRU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3O4L6IUGMNZLSX2JTYZK7UFJRU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3O4L6IUGMNZLSX2JTYZK7UFJRU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3O4L6IUGMNZLSX2JTYZK7UFJRU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:3O4L6IUGMNZLSX2JTYZK7UFJRU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d2f3ecc0b60488284d1970dc310e691d7f0b9c9e9c03c3c01838e702d51557f7","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-11-04T15:34:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"9caa7931ab8cbaa2010d1692191852e72fffd060259d0ee591bc609a799d6463"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1111.1157","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1111.1157","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1111.1157v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1111.1157","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3O4L6IUGMNZL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3O4L6IUGMNZLSX2J","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3O4L6IUG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3c196f81080354fc992e9d1bce336dc0a428d8ea4031293f3b92b240a8e669cb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Axions differ from the other cold dark matter candidates in that they form a degenerate Bose gas. It is shown that their huge quantum degeneracy and large correlation length cause cold dark matter axions to thermalize through gravitational self-interactions when the photon temperature reaches approximately 500 eV. When they thermalize, the axions form a Bose-Einstein condensate. Their thermalization occurs in a regime, herein called the `condensed regime', where the Boltzmann equation is not valid because the energy dispersion of the particles is smaller than their interaction rate. We derive ","authors_text":"H. Tam, O. Erken, P. Sikivie, Q. Yang","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech","hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-11-04T15:34:08Z","title":"Cosmic axion thermalization"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1111.1157","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:08a7d75ab264418b3e3f441d59855a4ec5664ea147b37a3100344937d3c35f4b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d2f3ecc0b60488284d1970dc310e691d7f0b9c9e9c03c3c01838e702d51557f7","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-11-04T15:34:08Z","title_canon_sha256":"9caa7931ab8cbaa2010d1692191852e72fffd060259d0ee591bc609a799d6463"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1111.1157","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"dbb8bf22866372b95f499e32afd0a98d29617338053a701a03981b0a08aa2b56","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"dbb8bf22866372b95f499e32afd0a98d29617338053a701a03981b0a08aa2b56","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01.526000Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01.526000Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"D0bin1bVMAkAcFNGBa9lgPLnNDt2K0BqGTn3hw2bhWDsGSlaWLB7PgSFpa0wKY2CJ/iu4VLBASYy9a56iOc2BA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:23:01.526508Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1111.1157","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:08a7d75ab264418b3e3f441d59855a4ec5664ea147b37a3100344937d3c35f4b","sha256:3c196f81080354fc992e9d1bce336dc0a428d8ea4031293f3b92b240a8e669cb"],"state_sha256":"672b5fd17649c26db9925211a2ca2b96ddf3deeef4eedc6b9fb44edaabe076b6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0vHRmu54gSZzzdeE8icl4hJu6azbLSU2P0TN4ReDmRIPQfXJcmTY4uV7hiBurV/BFdor9CNRh8ejiScYA1aLDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-29T22:51:33.103935Z","bundle_sha256":"5eb2401ae2ddd25b5cad63034c05bfb6fa99af9753cc8f96fefef352e25dbd89"}}