{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2013:3OBCGDICVCYTBPVFBK3YJ634O6","short_pith_number":"pith:3OBCGDIC","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"db82230d02a8b130bea50ab784fb7c7782234f629aa95b086484979389a60376","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1311.2600","version":3},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Dark Radiation constraints on minicharged particles in models with a hidden photon","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Hendrik Vogel, Javier Redondo","submitted_at":"2013-11-11T21:01:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"We compute the thermalization of a hidden sector consisting of minicharged fermions (MCPs) and massless hidden photons in the early Universe. The precise measurement of the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) by Planck and the relic abundance of light nuclei produced during big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) constrain the amount of dark radiation of this hidden sector through the effective number of neutrino species, Neff. This study presents novel and accurate predictions of dark radiation in the strongly and weakly coupled regime for a wide range of model parameters. We give th"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1311.2600","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2013-11-11T21:01:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5cb3a231962f7b449913b4060e2deaaa70f2073ed29b5f94ce6fa57eb18ceda8","abstract_canon_sha256":"f1073837e2d78392d86355f146d986d9ff2aa114f2d91e5cc89cc091f10f3505"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:56:51.686374Z","signature_b64":"3JGL9amEVEwPP5W1we/yKyO38/uG9Bmu+n41cVpKROEn02wAogY8a+kKdrjoW4ogdmyhhxf7T8nKNG6aM8rSDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"db82230d02a8b130bea50ab784fb7c7782234f629aa95b086484979389a60376","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:56:51.685925Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:56:51.685925Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Dark Radiation constraints on minicharged particles in models with a hidden photon","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Hendrik Vogel, Javier Redondo","submitted_at":"2013-11-11T21:01:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"We compute the thermalization of a hidden sector consisting of minicharged fermions (MCPs) and massless hidden photons in the early Universe. The precise measurement of the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) by Planck and the relic abundance of light nuclei produced during big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) constrain the amount of dark radiation of this hidden sector through the effective number of neutrino species, Neff. This study presents novel and accurate predictions of dark radiation in the strongly and weakly coupled regime for a wide range of model parameters. We give th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1311.2600","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1311.2600","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:56:51.685995+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1311.2600v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:56:51.685995+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1311.2600","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:56:51.685995+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3OBCGDICVCYT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32.513160+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3OBCGDICVCYTBPVF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32.513160+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3OBCGDIC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32.513160+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":6,"internal_anchor_count":4,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2510.26260","citing_title":"Letter of Intent: The Forward Physics Facility","ref_index":253,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2005.01515","citing_title":"The Dark Photon","ref_index":128,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2507.23354","citing_title":"Consistent $N_{\\rm eff}$ fitting in big bang nucleosynthesis analysis","ref_index":14,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2511.02023","citing_title":"Underground Production of Electromagnetic Dark States by MeV-scale Electron Beams and Detection with CCDs","ref_index":30,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.02413","citing_title":"The Black Hole Mass Gap as a New Probe of Millicharged Particles","ref_index":73,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.02419","citing_title":"Millicharged Particle Production During Late-Stage Stellar Evolution","ref_index":14,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/3OBCGDICVCYTBPVFBK3YJ634O6","json":"https://pith.science/pith/3OBCGDICVCYTBPVFBK3YJ634O6.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3OBCGDICVCYTBPVFBK3YJ634O6/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3OBCGDICVCYTBPVFBK3YJ634O6/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/3OBCGDIC"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/3OBCGDICVCYTBPVFBK3YJ634O6","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/3OBCGDICVCYTBPVFBK3YJ634O6.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/3OBCGDIC","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1311.2600&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3OBCGDICVCYTBPVFBK3YJ634O6/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3OBCGDICVCYTBPVFBK3YJ634O6/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/3OBCGDICVCYTBPVFBK3YJ634O6/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/3OBCGDICVCYTBPVFBK3YJ634O6/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/3OBCGDICVCYTBPVFBK3YJ634O6/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/3OBCGDICVCYTBPVFBK3YJ634O6/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/3OBCGDICVCYTBPVFBK3YJ634O6/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:56:51.685995+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T02:56:51.685995+00:00"}