{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:3OIRGN3MYYRYDJBDYXTAIFO4YF","short_pith_number":"pith:3OIRGN3M","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1511.00216","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2015-11-01T08:44:52Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cec6fed6067f09f7880cf88f74d2db239e7a7c074372d3af80a24c60e8be21c5","abstract_canon_sha256":"6a815d94529487641a2a35acbe5b760a0920dad6a9b3b121b8478d30205de1d2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"db9113376cc62381a423c5e60415dcc153ecb3d0fd65d39001bc1780cf2f5efd","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1511.00216","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1511.00216","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1511.00216v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1511.00216","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3OIRGN3MYYRY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3OIRGN3MYYRYDJBD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3OIRGN3M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:3OIRGN3MYYRYDJBDYXTAIFO4YF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1511.00216","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2015-11-01T08:44:52Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cec6fed6067f09f7880cf88f74d2db239e7a7c074372d3af80a24c60e8be21c5","abstract_canon_sha256":"6a815d94529487641a2a35acbe5b760a0920dad6a9b3b121b8478d30205de1d2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"db9113376cc62381a423c5e60415dcc153ecb3d0fd65d39001bc1780cf2f5efd","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:23.626251Z","signature_b64":"Tjd4buhUAiORgLKruIepXalvvPT0huzeBNjf5XCAB/3E4puyQNuY0IkmF5Ze6zBiB3gDvPIR5ceKjRRGafFhAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"db9113376cc62381a423c5e60415dcc153ecb3d0fd65d39001bc1780cf2f5efd","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:23.625471Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:23.625471Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1511.00216","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7nOawvowQe/96RccuInmp/5D69+cIbp3rnAkEfPtxWwmhsaybyUiez+YVnv6580EA/OtQeEDmAlkDCSlbIllBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T10:21:53.600060Z"},"content_sha256":"cd0c2145f1db33c357a89228288ce745bbe306b2198e4267801976c5a3eac719","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cd0c2145f1db33c357a89228288ce745bbe306b2198e4267801976c5a3eac719"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:3OIRGN3MYYRYDJBDYXTAIFO4YF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On spatial resolution, signal-to-noise and information capacity of linear imaging systems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","authors_text":"Frank de Hoog, Timur Gureyev, Yakov Nesterets","submitted_at":"2015-11-01T08:44:52Z","abstract_excerpt":"A simple model for image formation in linear shift-invariant systems is considered, in which both the detected signal and the noise variance are varying slowly compared to the point-spread function of the system. It is shown that within the constraints of this model, the square of the signal-to-noise ratio is always proportional to the \"volume\" of the spatial resolution unit. In the case of Poisson statistics, the ratio of these two quantities divided by the incident density of the imaging particles (e.g. photons) represents a dimensionless invariant of the imaging system, which was previously"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1511.00216","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FswKTM8UqzCW8iSuReQO4oR2OaqUjQT5nokweJw3CY4MZBkDsJnG+twiP01rYMU9TyknafsniRA5O87K0EipAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T10:21:53.600410Z"},"content_sha256":"acbb712963de24bb8d17f22cfac25c817b7a26dc263d6509fcd271840cf41a34","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:acbb712963de24bb8d17f22cfac25c817b7a26dc263d6509fcd271840cf41a34"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3OIRGN3MYYRYDJBDYXTAIFO4YF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3OIRGN3MYYRYDJBDYXTAIFO4YF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3OIRGN3MYYRYDJBDYXTAIFO4YF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-08T10:21:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3OIRGN3MYYRYDJBDYXTAIFO4YF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3OIRGN3MYYRYDJBDYXTAIFO4YF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3OIRGN3MYYRYDJBDYXTAIFO4YF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3OIRGN3MYYRYDJBDYXTAIFO4YF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:3OIRGN3MYYRYDJBDYXTAIFO4YF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6a815d94529487641a2a35acbe5b760a0920dad6a9b3b121b8478d30205de1d2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2015-11-01T08:44:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"cec6fed6067f09f7880cf88f74d2db239e7a7c074372d3af80a24c60e8be21c5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1511.00216","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1511.00216","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1511.00216v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1511.00216","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3OIRGN3MYYRY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3OIRGN3MYYRYDJBD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3OIRGN3M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:acbb712963de24bb8d17f22cfac25c817b7a26dc263d6509fcd271840cf41a34","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A simple model for image formation in linear shift-invariant systems is considered, in which both the detected signal and the noise variance are varying slowly compared to the point-spread function of the system. It is shown that within the constraints of this model, the square of the signal-to-noise ratio is always proportional to the \"volume\" of the spatial resolution unit. In the case of Poisson statistics, the ratio of these two quantities divided by the incident density of the imaging particles (e.g. photons) represents a dimensionless invariant of the imaging system, which was previously","authors_text":"Frank de Hoog, Timur Gureyev, Yakov Nesterets","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2015-11-01T08:44:52Z","title":"On spatial resolution, signal-to-noise and information capacity of linear imaging systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1511.00216","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cd0c2145f1db33c357a89228288ce745bbe306b2198e4267801976c5a3eac719","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6a815d94529487641a2a35acbe5b760a0920dad6a9b3b121b8478d30205de1d2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.med-ph","submitted_at":"2015-11-01T08:44:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"cec6fed6067f09f7880cf88f74d2db239e7a7c074372d3af80a24c60e8be21c5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1511.00216","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"db9113376cc62381a423c5e60415dcc153ecb3d0fd65d39001bc1780cf2f5efd","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"db9113376cc62381a423c5e60415dcc153ecb3d0fd65d39001bc1780cf2f5efd","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:23.625471Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:23.625471Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Tjd4buhUAiORgLKruIepXalvvPT0huzeBNjf5XCAB/3E4puyQNuY0IkmF5Ze6zBiB3gDvPIR5ceKjRRGafFhAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:23.626251Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1511.00216","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cd0c2145f1db33c357a89228288ce745bbe306b2198e4267801976c5a3eac719","sha256:acbb712963de24bb8d17f22cfac25c817b7a26dc263d6509fcd271840cf41a34"],"state_sha256":"083e4e86f2d0669bd2c7af7dc6a4facb6599d550b60978a18b7f288fbf38c95c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AMxc6LZ9NZuePNA0W2WnswmfT7rfK2DpAQZufZNHKaaXX1bj67QWYLpZaBXElksnUkqmN5suYFdWG9h84c/dCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T10:21:53.602168Z","bundle_sha256":"9cd48957690343e4d63a2c7db8d9f9437e2b487eca0abb7cfe82e87bf0acab86"}}