{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2012:3QCG4CDJPER7RK7PXZDLJHBJRI","short_pith_number":"pith:3QCG4CDJ","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"dc046e08697923f8abefbe46b49c298a159b74924120fc337718a242cb48f722","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1204.6549","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Power Law Distributions of Patents as Indicators of Innovation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SI"],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"D. R. J. O'Neale, S. C. Hendy","submitted_at":"2012-04-30T04:23:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"The total number of patents produced by a country (or the number of patents produced per capita) is often used as an indicator for innovation. Here we present evidence that the distribution of patents amongst applicants within many OECD countries is well-described by power laws with exponents that vary between 1.66 (Japan) and 2.37 (Poland). Using simulations based on simple preferential attachment-type rules that generate power laws, we find we can explain some of the variation in exponents between countries, with countries that have larger numbers of patents per applicant generally exhibitin"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1204.6549","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2012-04-30T04:23:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.SI"],"title_canon_sha256":"8ad060b76dfb67fd8ec3e08c0a32562139729fb93f5ae7677e998c60c6ba8e7b","abstract_canon_sha256":"8557ef4f69b91b4cac672f0abea6b6ed74de3d783ac4b5e2189c8f19e24042a7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:42.530254Z","signature_b64":"/t8WIt+xktbNPj//0HWV9O5KX6Zd36PVMnDAI2XVk1sCYm8+GIuA3wPr/NWxk2+XkG4ytgRHB2vQs1NeHNjsDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"dc046e08697923f8abefbe46b49c298a159b74924120fc337718a242cb48f722","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:42.529500Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:42.529500Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Power Law Distributions of Patents as Indicators of Innovation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.SI"],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"D. R. J. O'Neale, S. C. Hendy","submitted_at":"2012-04-30T04:23:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"The total number of patents produced by a country (or the number of patents produced per capita) is often used as an indicator for innovation. Here we present evidence that the distribution of patents amongst applicants within many OECD countries is well-described by power laws with exponents that vary between 1.66 (Japan) and 2.37 (Poland). Using simulations based on simple preferential attachment-type rules that generate power laws, we find we can explain some of the variation in exponents between countries, with countries that have larger numbers of patents per applicant generally exhibitin"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1204.6549","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1204.6549","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:42.529617+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1204.6549v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:42.529617+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1204.6549","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:42.529617+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3QCG4CDJPER7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:53.410803+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3QCG4CDJPER7RK7P","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:53.410803+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3QCG4CDJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:53.410803+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/3QCG4CDJPER7RK7PXZDLJHBJRI","json":"https://pith.science/pith/3QCG4CDJPER7RK7PXZDLJHBJRI.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3QCG4CDJPER7RK7PXZDLJHBJRI/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3QCG4CDJPER7RK7PXZDLJHBJRI/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/3QCG4CDJ"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/3QCG4CDJPER7RK7PXZDLJHBJRI","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/3QCG4CDJPER7RK7PXZDLJHBJRI.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/3QCG4CDJ","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1204.6549&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3QCG4CDJPER7RK7PXZDLJHBJRI/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3QCG4CDJPER7RK7PXZDLJHBJRI/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/3QCG4CDJPER7RK7PXZDLJHBJRI/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/3QCG4CDJPER7RK7PXZDLJHBJRI/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/3QCG4CDJPER7RK7PXZDLJHBJRI/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/3QCG4CDJPER7RK7PXZDLJHBJRI/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/3QCG4CDJPER7RK7PXZDLJHBJRI/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:42.529617+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T01:57:42.529617+00:00"}