{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2021:3UCKC3R3IEF7JR6ZDF6BPE5KHH","short_pith_number":"pith:3UCKC3R3","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"dd04a16e3b410bf4c7d9197c1793aa39ce8485c69173110d1aa6dca618564ca1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2107.10165","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Rechargeable self-assembled droplet microswimmers driven by surface phase transitions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.flu-dyn"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Diana Cholakova, E. Emily Lin, Eric Lauga, Gabriele De Canio, Jianxin Chen, Maciej Lisicki, Nikolai Denkov, Slavka Tcholakova, Stoyan K. Smoukov","submitted_at":"2021-07-21T15:49:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"The design of artificial microswimmers is often inspired by the strategies of natural microorganisms. Many of these creatures exploit the fact that elasticity breaks the time-reversal symmetry of motion at low Reynolds numbers, but this principle has been notably absent from model systems of active, self-propelled microswimmers. Here we introduce a class of microswimmer that spontaneously self-assembles and swims without using external forces, driven instead by surface phase transitions induced by temperature variations. The swimmers are made from alkane droplets dispersed in aqueous surfactan"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2107.10165","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2021-07-21T15:49:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.flu-dyn"],"title_canon_sha256":"ec5df2b8d82867598fec06a7cc4827cb8836106e3787bb55119a3d59655be4ff","abstract_canon_sha256":"2dd63657967aacb315dafe92322f6cc8c16ad297998f20ee80100dd94f393391"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:59:48.828018Z","signature_b64":"ek16caKZRsggwp4JnaQycow3+w60VRPw4B60ArgARvNMHeDpVqSsf2X7bBtxMC5hyz2iVxM47Rr2O9FyJYe5CA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"dd04a16e3b410bf4c7d9197c1793aa39ce8485c69173110d1aa6dca618564ca1","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:59:48.827529Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:59:48.827529Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Rechargeable self-assembled droplet microswimmers driven by surface phase transitions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.flu-dyn"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Diana Cholakova, E. Emily Lin, Eric Lauga, Gabriele De Canio, Jianxin Chen, Maciej Lisicki, Nikolai Denkov, Slavka Tcholakova, Stoyan K. Smoukov","submitted_at":"2021-07-21T15:49:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"The design of artificial microswimmers is often inspired by the strategies of natural microorganisms. Many of these creatures exploit the fact that elasticity breaks the time-reversal symmetry of motion at low Reynolds numbers, but this principle has been notably absent from model systems of active, self-propelled microswimmers. Here we introduce a class of microswimmer that spontaneously self-assembles and swims without using external forces, driven instead by surface phase transitions induced by temperature variations. The swimmers are made from alkane droplets dispersed in aqueous surfactan"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2107.10165","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2107.10165/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2107.10165","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:59:48.827588+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2107.10165v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:59:48.827588+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2107.10165","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:59:48.827588+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3UCKC3R3IEF7","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:59:48.827588+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3UCKC3R3IEF7JR6Z","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:59:48.827588+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3UCKC3R3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:59:48.827588+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/3UCKC3R3IEF7JR6ZDF6BPE5KHH","json":"https://pith.science/pith/3UCKC3R3IEF7JR6ZDF6BPE5KHH.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3UCKC3R3IEF7JR6ZDF6BPE5KHH/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3UCKC3R3IEF7JR6ZDF6BPE5KHH/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/3UCKC3R3"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/3UCKC3R3IEF7JR6ZDF6BPE5KHH","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/3UCKC3R3IEF7JR6ZDF6BPE5KHH.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/3UCKC3R3","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2107.10165&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3UCKC3R3IEF7JR6ZDF6BPE5KHH/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/3UCKC3R3IEF7JR6ZDF6BPE5KHH/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/3UCKC3R3IEF7JR6ZDF6BPE5KHH/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/3UCKC3R3IEF7JR6ZDF6BPE5KHH/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/3UCKC3R3IEF7JR6ZDF6BPE5KHH/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/3UCKC3R3IEF7JR6ZDF6BPE5KHH/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/3UCKC3R3IEF7JR6ZDF6BPE5KHH/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:59:48.827588+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T02:59:48.827588+00:00"}