{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:3UIPAQGWZHQAICWGGKNMYGLYTA","short_pith_number":"pith:3UIPAQGW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1603.05453","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nucl-th","submitted_at":"2016-03-17T12:38:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["nucl-ex"],"title_canon_sha256":"2f10344f24038bdb4c8685ed8b85894c5ff959d38a6c5395b9d89e8382daa55a","abstract_canon_sha256":"cb68369ca960102f2c0e39e03697a800d6dd55cdbb83bdb385bc5ef50f9b84d5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"dd10f040d6c9e0040ac6329acc1978983f906177d1a5ac70ed2572a6cf6b0dce","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1603.05453","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1603.05453","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:44:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1603.05453v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:44:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1603.05453","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:44:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3UIPAQGWZHQA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3UIPAQGWZHQAICWG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3UIPAQGW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:3UIPAQGWZHQAICWGGKNMYGLYTA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1603.05453","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nucl-th","submitted_at":"2016-03-17T12:38:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":["nucl-ex"],"title_canon_sha256":"2f10344f24038bdb4c8685ed8b85894c5ff959d38a6c5395b9d89e8382daa55a","abstract_canon_sha256":"cb68369ca960102f2c0e39e03697a800d6dd55cdbb83bdb385bc5ef50f9b84d5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"dd10f040d6c9e0040ac6329acc1978983f906177d1a5ac70ed2572a6cf6b0dce","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:44:01.389843Z","signature_b64":"byHgKKRPtFaKmgTREXlnrr4nzj5HQJQNfTgwa5IPgR+x2dqI7SJx86gUXPuE01enW/Ruur0rZsCmuZcJRVpYBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"dd10f040d6c9e0040ac6329acc1978983f906177d1a5ac70ed2572a6cf6b0dce","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:44:01.389302Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:44:01.389302Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1603.05453","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:44:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"g/2UqCvT83QR54my58h+qGZr0Cx1RCFvJNGyDCcd6yb+LA5bnnp7yA+W+JZ6NGTUuz10nJjGYaKhSg3ZZ2D0AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T16:58:10.751751Z"},"content_sha256":"470406a0fc58e9c661b6f6c27074f40383d3b575a287aca6eaae0d1ab14e103c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:470406a0fc58e9c661b6f6c27074f40383d3b575a287aca6eaae0d1ab14e103c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:3UIPAQGWZHQAICWGGKNMYGLYTA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On the role of secondary pions in spallation targets","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["nucl-ex"],"primary_cat":"nucl-th","authors_text":"Alain Boudard, Cristian Massimi, Davide Mancusi, Jean-Christophe David, Jorge Lerendegui-Marco, Joseph Cugnon, Miguel Antonio Cort\\'es-Giraldo, Nicola Colonna, Sergio Lo Meo, Sylvie Leray, Vasilis Vlachoudis","submitted_at":"2016-03-17T12:38:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"We use particle-transport simulations to show that secondary pions play a crucial role for the development of the hadronic cascade and therefore for the production of neutrons and photons from thick spallation targets. In particular, for the n_TOF lead spallation target, irradiated with 20 GeV/c protons, neutral pions are involved in the production of ~90% of the high-energy photons; charged pions participate in ~40% of the integral neutron yield. Nevertheless, photon and neutron yields are shown to be relatively insensitive to large changes of the average pion multiplicity in the individual s"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1603.05453","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:44:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0jafMnlskUsndSsSILpksgXcKDIwBdvAlWMttJ39DcMHigp3yxf8Yphyb2/PNXqsboUxFRU6xwmPBLzE2dQjCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T16:58:10.752431Z"},"content_sha256":"e29c9176f22ce4b34e4cf507c7f2362edd48ecf083812166a4caba66ba8e77de","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e29c9176f22ce4b34e4cf507c7f2362edd48ecf083812166a4caba66ba8e77de"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3UIPAQGWZHQAICWGGKNMYGLYTA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3UIPAQGWZHQAICWGGKNMYGLYTA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3UIPAQGWZHQAICWGGKNMYGLYTA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T16:58:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3UIPAQGWZHQAICWGGKNMYGLYTA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3UIPAQGWZHQAICWGGKNMYGLYTA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3UIPAQGWZHQAICWGGKNMYGLYTA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3UIPAQGWZHQAICWGGKNMYGLYTA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:3UIPAQGWZHQAICWGGKNMYGLYTA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cb68369ca960102f2c0e39e03697a800d6dd55cdbb83bdb385bc5ef50f9b84d5","cross_cats_sorted":["nucl-ex"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nucl-th","submitted_at":"2016-03-17T12:38:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"2f10344f24038bdb4c8685ed8b85894c5ff959d38a6c5395b9d89e8382daa55a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1603.05453","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1603.05453","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:44:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1603.05453v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:44:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1603.05453","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:44:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3UIPAQGWZHQA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3UIPAQGWZHQAICWG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3UIPAQGW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e29c9176f22ce4b34e4cf507c7f2362edd48ecf083812166a4caba66ba8e77de","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:44:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We use particle-transport simulations to show that secondary pions play a crucial role for the development of the hadronic cascade and therefore for the production of neutrons and photons from thick spallation targets. In particular, for the n_TOF lead spallation target, irradiated with 20 GeV/c protons, neutral pions are involved in the production of ~90% of the high-energy photons; charged pions participate in ~40% of the integral neutron yield. Nevertheless, photon and neutron yields are shown to be relatively insensitive to large changes of the average pion multiplicity in the individual s","authors_text":"Alain Boudard, Cristian Massimi, Davide Mancusi, Jean-Christophe David, Jorge Lerendegui-Marco, Joseph Cugnon, Miguel Antonio Cort\\'es-Giraldo, Nicola Colonna, Sergio Lo Meo, Sylvie Leray, Vasilis Vlachoudis","cross_cats":["nucl-ex"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nucl-th","submitted_at":"2016-03-17T12:38:13Z","title":"On the role of secondary pions in spallation targets"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1603.05453","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:470406a0fc58e9c661b6f6c27074f40383d3b575a287aca6eaae0d1ab14e103c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:44:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cb68369ca960102f2c0e39e03697a800d6dd55cdbb83bdb385bc5ef50f9b84d5","cross_cats_sorted":["nucl-ex"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"nucl-th","submitted_at":"2016-03-17T12:38:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"2f10344f24038bdb4c8685ed8b85894c5ff959d38a6c5395b9d89e8382daa55a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1603.05453","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"dd10f040d6c9e0040ac6329acc1978983f906177d1a5ac70ed2572a6cf6b0dce","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"dd10f040d6c9e0040ac6329acc1978983f906177d1a5ac70ed2572a6cf6b0dce","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:44:01.389302Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:44:01.389302Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"byHgKKRPtFaKmgTREXlnrr4nzj5HQJQNfTgwa5IPgR+x2dqI7SJx86gUXPuE01enW/Ruur0rZsCmuZcJRVpYBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:44:01.389843Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1603.05453","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:470406a0fc58e9c661b6f6c27074f40383d3b575a287aca6eaae0d1ab14e103c","sha256:e29c9176f22ce4b34e4cf507c7f2362edd48ecf083812166a4caba66ba8e77de"],"state_sha256":"417e26931b5484711dad3620018086058de6ff53420e0c78d1351d9147c574f8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Gfa3g8uQAdY3Oylnrfi5S7JDt/tcgXGRWBCy/usl1rAIBw9ZkAqEQ/+WKUo3mCUWID42AOSDHzDbjnx5LFY+DQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T16:58:10.755928Z","bundle_sha256":"e9729acd37133ab51f43a852eea7e2efa9f9a5b189fe806a75411458b02785c8"}}