{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:3UXS7ZAOWXSC5G4V7GOOMCO2D2","short_pith_number":"pith:3UXS7ZAO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2310.16435","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2023-10-25T08:02:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"bc2f27ee1f6905f402c8fba14eada8977402e953f225d27fcff43431b1c95c96","abstract_canon_sha256":"062eec0de21af44015c767386c20238de89d657d0fccb528e7fbe36a0231a617"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"dd2f2fe40eb5e42e9b95f99ce609da1e9cfd93a575efa90965d34a0b2f2c49a0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2310.16435","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2310.16435","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2310.16435v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2310.16435","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3UXS7ZAOWXSC","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3UXS7ZAOWXSC5G4V","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3UXS7ZAO","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:3UXS7ZAOWXSC5G4V7GOOMCO2D2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2310.16435","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2023-10-25T08:02:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"bc2f27ee1f6905f402c8fba14eada8977402e953f225d27fcff43431b1c95c96","abstract_canon_sha256":"062eec0de21af44015c767386c20238de89d657d0fccb528e7fbe36a0231a617"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"dd2f2fe40eb5e42e9b95f99ce609da1e9cfd93a575efa90965d34a0b2f2c49a0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57.455349Z","signature_b64":"gOFJ13fN4bHz0NwEDapCh6qqpg0LpJOeNT2B9l07D2ouI/j4SUdZTieBcFcxFKDvxC1lwliC6KsfqobdNh4zCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"dd2f2fe40eb5e42e9b95f99ce609da1e9cfd93a575efa90965d34a0b2f2c49a0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57.454706Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57.454706Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2310.16435","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y312Ve5t0B04/Qmh/yMiRBm1VEYGLa0NQBx61+UKK0lp3r85J2RGLBX4tDf7gVp6wCdLSCAAcEe+TT/mk4VaBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T05:36:53.700883Z"},"content_sha256":"9a7cb437d785aa7d0d93b80ecf9603e92d717b225342809e0d7f7d323183cd46","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9a7cb437d785aa7d0d93b80ecf9603e92d717b225342809e0d7f7d323183cd46"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:3UXS7ZAOWXSC5G4V7GOOMCO2D2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On Pixel-level Performance Assessment in Anomaly Detection","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Alexandros Iosifidis, Mehdi Rafiei, Toby P. Breckon","submitted_at":"2023-10-25T08:02:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"Anomaly detection methods have demonstrated remarkable success across various applications. However, assessing their performance, particularly at the pixel-level, presents a complex challenge due to the severe imbalance that is most commonly present between normal and abnormal samples. Commonly adopted evaluation metrics designed for pixel-level detection may not effectively capture the nuanced performance variations arising from this class imbalance. In this paper, we dissect the intricacies of this challenge, underscored by visual evidence and statistical analysis, leading to delve into the "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2310.16435","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2310.16435/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"g5xvUTChJpb+sYaox6kn+/JGwEstq7eaLG20EVXACgBTepIkJyd4CdW7wys8k9vOUzl5RjW84vN2HndxDejjCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T05:36:53.701416Z"},"content_sha256":"e74751e8741fbeecd1e662acb0452fbd2da70589b14f9b0df5737994493c3b09","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e74751e8741fbeecd1e662acb0452fbd2da70589b14f9b0df5737994493c3b09"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3UXS7ZAOWXSC5G4V7GOOMCO2D2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3UXS7ZAOWXSC5G4V7GOOMCO2D2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3UXS7ZAOWXSC5G4V7GOOMCO2D2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-21T05:36:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3UXS7ZAOWXSC5G4V7GOOMCO2D2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3UXS7ZAOWXSC5G4V7GOOMCO2D2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3UXS7ZAOWXSC5G4V7GOOMCO2D2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3UXS7ZAOWXSC5G4V7GOOMCO2D2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:3UXS7ZAOWXSC5G4V7GOOMCO2D2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"062eec0de21af44015c767386c20238de89d657d0fccb528e7fbe36a0231a617","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2023-10-25T08:02:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"bc2f27ee1f6905f402c8fba14eada8977402e953f225d27fcff43431b1c95c96"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2310.16435","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2310.16435","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2310.16435v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2310.16435","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3UXS7ZAOWXSC","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3UXS7ZAOWXSC5G4V","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3UXS7ZAO","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e74751e8741fbeecd1e662acb0452fbd2da70589b14f9b0df5737994493c3b09","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2310.16435/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Anomaly detection methods have demonstrated remarkable success across various applications. However, assessing their performance, particularly at the pixel-level, presents a complex challenge due to the severe imbalance that is most commonly present between normal and abnormal samples. Commonly adopted evaluation metrics designed for pixel-level detection may not effectively capture the nuanced performance variations arising from this class imbalance. In this paper, we dissect the intricacies of this challenge, underscored by visual evidence and statistical analysis, leading to delve into the ","authors_text":"Alexandros Iosifidis, Mehdi Rafiei, Toby P. Breckon","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2023-10-25T08:02:27Z","title":"On Pixel-level Performance Assessment in Anomaly Detection"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2310.16435","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9a7cb437d785aa7d0d93b80ecf9603e92d717b225342809e0d7f7d323183cd46","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"062eec0de21af44015c767386c20238de89d657d0fccb528e7fbe36a0231a617","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2023-10-25T08:02:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"bc2f27ee1f6905f402c8fba14eada8977402e953f225d27fcff43431b1c95c96"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2310.16435","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"dd2f2fe40eb5e42e9b95f99ce609da1e9cfd93a575efa90965d34a0b2f2c49a0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"dd2f2fe40eb5e42e9b95f99ce609da1e9cfd93a575efa90965d34a0b2f2c49a0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57.454706Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57.454706Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"gOFJ13fN4bHz0NwEDapCh6qqpg0LpJOeNT2B9l07D2ouI/j4SUdZTieBcFcxFKDvxC1lwliC6KsfqobdNh4zCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:57.455349Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2310.16435","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9a7cb437d785aa7d0d93b80ecf9603e92d717b225342809e0d7f7d323183cd46","sha256:e74751e8741fbeecd1e662acb0452fbd2da70589b14f9b0df5737994493c3b09"],"state_sha256":"0ed09477a0a2b7a1f22bb445828a7dbfe8a5f2ce26c97a3caed02c8ed19a6730"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Dz6y4dzbrR9FcNWbvtzPhUqRWg4qXXiNEA6zam+187fkFpB/4m7A582VVZqCJl7dI/h6wwsqScD4I029k42bCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T05:36:53.705057Z","bundle_sha256":"953be925e5d9cf81d3586012392648193247ec71647e581419d7efde649802e5"}}