{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:3W3JEKN3ZEQOLQF6PPCUYBWIUJ","short_pith_number":"pith:3W3JEKN3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2307.05276","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2023-07-11T14:11:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2d83bdc4394399ff66734978daad2f46746466978d07badc40a92100a84d058e","abstract_canon_sha256":"61d0fbedc451ddcb2c8ce07896e7b12d465c1ea770d66759c1b72f8f5e94e868"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ddb69229bbc920e5c0be7bc54c06c8a2722b405023086e1e98250403b267ee8f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2307.05276","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2307.05276","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2307.05276v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2307.05276","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3W3JEKN3ZEQO","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3W3JEKN3ZEQOLQF6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3W3JEKN3","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:3W3JEKN3ZEQOLQF6PPCUYBWIUJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2307.05276","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2023-07-11T14:11:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2d83bdc4394399ff66734978daad2f46746466978d07badc40a92100a84d058e","abstract_canon_sha256":"61d0fbedc451ddcb2c8ce07896e7b12d465c1ea770d66759c1b72f8f5e94e868"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ddb69229bbc920e5c0be7bc54c06c8a2722b405023086e1e98250403b267ee8f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55.282303Z","signature_b64":"ZIg4h8VYJ43zO/OQY5VWHHqYSEVRH1n08rBB7dOqwgzkhLSuC83RJ1GfmJIvg8W/Rzp+03zouzsgzaCU7aGJAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ddb69229bbc920e5c0be7bc54c06c8a2722b405023086e1e98250403b267ee8f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55.281765Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55.281765Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2307.05276","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YqQZ68/mPIraVq45JOjNLx6H7fmWmPPF44R+cuEwA9XjFzEQCQqgfkPRsdtiex8C45URujZrdeM3UOLXKz9nAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T08:28:57.288613Z"},"content_sha256":"f1a049a1b38cee22576d03a7105670652fe24611b8a8f72d1a6fb039c487a7e8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f1a049a1b38cee22576d03a7105670652fe24611b8a8f72d1a6fb039c487a7e8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:3W3JEKN3ZEQOLQF6PPCUYBWIUJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Unbiased Scene Graph Generation via Two-stage Causal Modeling","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Janne Heikkil\\\"a, Li Liu, Qing Liao, Shuaifeng Zhi, Shuzhou Sun","submitted_at":"2023-07-11T14:11:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"Despite the impressive performance of recent unbiased Scene Graph Generation (SGG) methods, the current debiasing literature mainly focuses on the long-tailed distribution problem, whereas it overlooks another source of bias, i.e., semantic confusion, which makes the SGG model prone to yield false predictions for similar relationships. In this paper, we explore a debiasing procedure for the SGG task leveraging causal inference. Our central insight is that the Sparse Mechanism Shift (SMS) in causality allows independent intervention on multiple biases, thereby potentially preserving head catego"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2307.05276","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2307.05276/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0e8o7NhM8bm0fbx8srYJJ9edOlO2GldGMr+u4QrhMybK34PpuhS0ArqxlIGhoL5rsD4xOLvFfg/nVLYlRqJVBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T08:28:57.289002Z"},"content_sha256":"9a8b0266879e578f1b703f9244d605a64765c0e86125e0209afd9522fe604e8f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9a8b0266879e578f1b703f9244d605a64765c0e86125e0209afd9522fe604e8f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3W3JEKN3ZEQOLQF6PPCUYBWIUJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3W3JEKN3ZEQOLQF6PPCUYBWIUJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3W3JEKN3ZEQOLQF6PPCUYBWIUJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T08:28:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3W3JEKN3ZEQOLQF6PPCUYBWIUJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3W3JEKN3ZEQOLQF6PPCUYBWIUJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3W3JEKN3ZEQOLQF6PPCUYBWIUJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3W3JEKN3ZEQOLQF6PPCUYBWIUJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:3W3JEKN3ZEQOLQF6PPCUYBWIUJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"61d0fbedc451ddcb2c8ce07896e7b12d465c1ea770d66759c1b72f8f5e94e868","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2023-07-11T14:11:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"2d83bdc4394399ff66734978daad2f46746466978d07badc40a92100a84d058e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2307.05276","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2307.05276","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2307.05276v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2307.05276","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3W3JEKN3ZEQO","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3W3JEKN3ZEQOLQF6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3W3JEKN3","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9a8b0266879e578f1b703f9244d605a64765c0e86125e0209afd9522fe604e8f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2307.05276/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Despite the impressive performance of recent unbiased Scene Graph Generation (SGG) methods, the current debiasing literature mainly focuses on the long-tailed distribution problem, whereas it overlooks another source of bias, i.e., semantic confusion, which makes the SGG model prone to yield false predictions for similar relationships. In this paper, we explore a debiasing procedure for the SGG task leveraging causal inference. Our central insight is that the Sparse Mechanism Shift (SMS) in causality allows independent intervention on multiple biases, thereby potentially preserving head catego","authors_text":"Janne Heikkil\\\"a, Li Liu, Qing Liao, Shuaifeng Zhi, Shuzhou Sun","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2023-07-11T14:11:24Z","title":"Unbiased Scene Graph Generation via Two-stage Causal Modeling"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2307.05276","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f1a049a1b38cee22576d03a7105670652fe24611b8a8f72d1a6fb039c487a7e8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"61d0fbedc451ddcb2c8ce07896e7b12d465c1ea770d66759c1b72f8f5e94e868","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2023-07-11T14:11:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"2d83bdc4394399ff66734978daad2f46746466978d07badc40a92100a84d058e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2307.05276","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ddb69229bbc920e5c0be7bc54c06c8a2722b405023086e1e98250403b267ee8f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ddb69229bbc920e5c0be7bc54c06c8a2722b405023086e1e98250403b267ee8f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55.281765Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55.281765Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ZIg4h8VYJ43zO/OQY5VWHHqYSEVRH1n08rBB7dOqwgzkhLSuC83RJ1GfmJIvg8W/Rzp+03zouzsgzaCU7aGJAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:29:55.282303Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2307.05276","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f1a049a1b38cee22576d03a7105670652fe24611b8a8f72d1a6fb039c487a7e8","sha256:9a8b0266879e578f1b703f9244d605a64765c0e86125e0209afd9522fe604e8f"],"state_sha256":"60c9e4e5cc9b2df6a1fcbed3971b072eebf83a4e8ebebd15311e70fed1aeef85"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FjS6tQib1GhW+H0fnOYiZZBB3Dlura2g6GZuNW/bBVfWfEWsJBqrqSubYtgM2vKvcjSPq2z1oRPTR0FHQS35Bg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T08:28:57.290953Z","bundle_sha256":"894836636a8fc8537c45ea8df42fdc4cd8d8b0684aff38689e6666ac86bb8391"}}