{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:3WHJ5NYTNUBNSSMYOECPG55XU4","short_pith_number":"pith:3WHJ5NYT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1602.00380","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2016-02-01T03:35:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"917e50010e8331b274ad23031148fc8dcb512ccab6bfef1f71ddc56d24128969","abstract_canon_sha256":"7b6d307d26ac20a8603d0110a7fe35dd9bc998a598ce9aac3bfc4413b21bc682"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"dd8e9eb7136d02d949987104f377b7a7184dc8afc5dccdd05973eeebecca9ff8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1602.00380","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1602.00380","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1602.00380v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1602.00380","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3WHJ5NYTNUBN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3WHJ5NYTNUBNSSMY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3WHJ5NYT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:3WHJ5NYTNUBNSSMYOECPG55XU4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1602.00380","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2016-02-01T03:35:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"917e50010e8331b274ad23031148fc8dcb512ccab6bfef1f71ddc56d24128969","abstract_canon_sha256":"7b6d307d26ac20a8603d0110a7fe35dd9bc998a598ce9aac3bfc4413b21bc682"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"dd8e9eb7136d02d949987104f377b7a7184dc8afc5dccdd05973eeebecca9ff8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:35.521834Z","signature_b64":"Zfx5ejSfAkaS3+3hLOWp0BMgDyhRp2ub7JPwAwG2VXG3fiERHOHtY7kGK5gOmpVdfnMDUmgl956NIT08BT3mAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"dd8e9eb7136d02d949987104f377b7a7184dc8afc5dccdd05973eeebecca9ff8","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:35.521100Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:35.521100Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1602.00380","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MCbCkQuQMvzrEqnvnIQJEGIQW/v9UL/iH8AZB8R5GI90uV3D3jPw5nd+MGI3pRh4MnNX11T0OimaGo/Ejn6VDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T09:01:28.753453Z"},"content_sha256":"952e60eb437bb5b971e69e38660745fd49f40a088e2973e8ba06fd4f0efd38d6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:952e60eb437bb5b971e69e38660745fd49f40a088e2973e8ba06fd4f0efd38d6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:3WHJ5NYTNUBNSSMYOECPG55XU4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Reduction of the effective thermal conductivity by circulation of the quasi-ballistic heat-flux","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"Ashok T. Ramu, Carl D. Meinhart, John E. Bowers","submitted_at":"2016-02-01T03:35:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"For a thermal conductivity that is spatially uniform and independent of temperature, Fourier's law of heat transfer predicts a curl-free heat-flux. In the quasi-ballistic phonon transport regime, where the Fourier law breaks down, it has been proven starting from the Boltzmann transport equation that the constitutive relation for the heat-flux contains a solenoidal (circulatory) term with zero divergence and non-zero curl. In this paper we show how to reduce the effective thermal conductivity of a material with dimensions on the same scale as the phonon mean-free path, by exploiting the soleno"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1602.00380","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+ymn6bPRRS+ZxQrREKBCc7AHvqYgLwIJVMNFYv656AYIrMI5mgyCOKFrChRXuEhTe6H2ybMa7lmiRC1sZ6fTAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T09:01:28.753806Z"},"content_sha256":"b98f6a749ca31e23185106e8654d4499d66819d8ddf5306aa3722cf4a0638b4a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b98f6a749ca31e23185106e8654d4499d66819d8ddf5306aa3722cf4a0638b4a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3WHJ5NYTNUBNSSMYOECPG55XU4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3WHJ5NYTNUBNSSMYOECPG55XU4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3WHJ5NYTNUBNSSMYOECPG55XU4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T09:01:28Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3WHJ5NYTNUBNSSMYOECPG55XU4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3WHJ5NYTNUBNSSMYOECPG55XU4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3WHJ5NYTNUBNSSMYOECPG55XU4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3WHJ5NYTNUBNSSMYOECPG55XU4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:3WHJ5NYTNUBNSSMYOECPG55XU4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7b6d307d26ac20a8603d0110a7fe35dd9bc998a598ce9aac3bfc4413b21bc682","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2016-02-01T03:35:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"917e50010e8331b274ad23031148fc8dcb512ccab6bfef1f71ddc56d24128969"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1602.00380","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1602.00380","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1602.00380v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1602.00380","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3WHJ5NYTNUBN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3WHJ5NYTNUBNSSMY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3WHJ5NYT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b98f6a749ca31e23185106e8654d4499d66819d8ddf5306aa3722cf4a0638b4a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"For a thermal conductivity that is spatially uniform and independent of temperature, Fourier's law of heat transfer predicts a curl-free heat-flux. In the quasi-ballistic phonon transport regime, where the Fourier law breaks down, it has been proven starting from the Boltzmann transport equation that the constitutive relation for the heat-flux contains a solenoidal (circulatory) term with zero divergence and non-zero curl. In this paper we show how to reduce the effective thermal conductivity of a material with dimensions on the same scale as the phonon mean-free path, by exploiting the soleno","authors_text":"Ashok T. Ramu, Carl D. Meinhart, John E. Bowers","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2016-02-01T03:35:51Z","title":"Reduction of the effective thermal conductivity by circulation of the quasi-ballistic heat-flux"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1602.00380","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:952e60eb437bb5b971e69e38660745fd49f40a088e2973e8ba06fd4f0efd38d6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7b6d307d26ac20a8603d0110a7fe35dd9bc998a598ce9aac3bfc4413b21bc682","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2016-02-01T03:35:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"917e50010e8331b274ad23031148fc8dcb512ccab6bfef1f71ddc56d24128969"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1602.00380","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"dd8e9eb7136d02d949987104f377b7a7184dc8afc5dccdd05973eeebecca9ff8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"dd8e9eb7136d02d949987104f377b7a7184dc8afc5dccdd05973eeebecca9ff8","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:35.521100Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:35.521100Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Zfx5ejSfAkaS3+3hLOWp0BMgDyhRp2ub7JPwAwG2VXG3fiERHOHtY7kGK5gOmpVdfnMDUmgl956NIT08BT3mAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:21:35.521834Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1602.00380","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:952e60eb437bb5b971e69e38660745fd49f40a088e2973e8ba06fd4f0efd38d6","sha256:b98f6a749ca31e23185106e8654d4499d66819d8ddf5306aa3722cf4a0638b4a"],"state_sha256":"a88d20908f3b56645aa8f3ac6ce8a6e4ae55671a79537e489cd2ac64298cf78e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2WCTPOPerzFV1XpWHpvGe9bGv3ao2PEeiiAMwioHScscb9dgq/dbs2IA+xWDEzY4Unf9QC5cd+1pDzl9241/Dg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T09:01:28.755785Z","bundle_sha256":"f93024a19c67e6fd713c8e9746acdea6805b2ee371da6491b13d30eb8d1a2d72"}}