{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:3XFU55IY34YECCVNMJCLXS43GG","short_pith_number":"pith:3XFU55IY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1409.6225","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2014-09-22T16:05:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"fe0772db22b5d3ffe284989cfb781b29f41220da1cb29b3fffcfcc20657f5723","abstract_canon_sha256":"daaf665b504df6fa6f58c1d2c5814ea4a547a93f2f35f89a1756fa099d9bcb1f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ddcb4ef518df30410aad6244bbcb9b319f1c83d78cb51f3c870a87ad6b86255e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1409.6225","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1409.6225","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1409.6225v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1409.6225","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3XFU55IY34YE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3XFU55IY34YECCVN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3XFU55IY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:11Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:3XFU55IY34YECCVNMJCLXS43GG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1409.6225","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2014-09-22T16:05:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"fe0772db22b5d3ffe284989cfb781b29f41220da1cb29b3fffcfcc20657f5723","abstract_canon_sha256":"daaf665b504df6fa6f58c1d2c5814ea4a547a93f2f35f89a1756fa099d9bcb1f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ddcb4ef518df30410aad6244bbcb9b319f1c83d78cb51f3c870a87ad6b86255e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:09.843914Z","signature_b64":"6czeNROO8FUnUWY6fcUqYdcxdPsQYR7regMUlCgxDjs/6YMxcxaRN0pUrfAxksV5uhj2sD9NP8brwaKejqDJBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ddcb4ef518df30410aad6244bbcb9b319f1c83d78cb51f3c870a87ad6b86255e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:09.843471Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:09.843471Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1409.6225","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"f6KNx7qRPio7ODn/auSzA4UnMhod8vJYzTt+nlgLTRCEjloaUXpZACwgJ55lwxZPK5RDyOzJQrJvLkmUxBczCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T06:00:45.080148Z"},"content_sha256":"e87f9a94ac6d4bb027fd6bfd1cdda37633c2b96f98a3fdb548dc480dee35a6ec","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e87f9a94ac6d4bb027fd6bfd1cdda37633c2b96f98a3fdb548dc480dee35a6ec"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:3XFU55IY34YECCVNMJCLXS43GG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Cosmic reionization by primordial cosmic rays","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Gustavo Esteban Romero, Maria Victoria del Valle, Matias Tueros","submitted_at":"2014-09-22T16:05:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"After the so-called cosmic recombination, the expanding universe entered into a period of darkness since most of the matter was in a neutral state. About a billion years later, however, the intergalactic space was once again ionized. The process, known as the cosmic reionization, required the operation of mechanisms that are not well understood. Among other ionizing sources, Population III stars, mini-quasars, and X-ray emitting microquasars have been invoked.\n  In this article we propose that primordial cosmic rays, accelerated at the termination points of the jets of the first microquasars, "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1409.6225","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CDLfrR+8LPaP25zWXYNtzWIsfhpMrOZkguAG0Tzdj3QFY4V9lUHH7E0bRdj8oXVAjVXz7OOFZIApXo1Hy/GWBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T06:00:45.080817Z"},"content_sha256":"ef110ee376519d083c3e2621fb55819fa20a0a7acb1a5c004d409d5dd344e2f5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ef110ee376519d083c3e2621fb55819fa20a0a7acb1a5c004d409d5dd344e2f5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3XFU55IY34YECCVNMJCLXS43GG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3XFU55IY34YECCVNMJCLXS43GG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3XFU55IY34YECCVNMJCLXS43GG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T06:00:45Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3XFU55IY34YECCVNMJCLXS43GG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3XFU55IY34YECCVNMJCLXS43GG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3XFU55IY34YECCVNMJCLXS43GG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3XFU55IY34YECCVNMJCLXS43GG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:3XFU55IY34YECCVNMJCLXS43GG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"daaf665b504df6fa6f58c1d2c5814ea4a547a93f2f35f89a1756fa099d9bcb1f","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2014-09-22T16:05:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"fe0772db22b5d3ffe284989cfb781b29f41220da1cb29b3fffcfcc20657f5723"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1409.6225","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1409.6225","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1409.6225v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1409.6225","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3XFU55IY34YE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3XFU55IY34YECCVN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3XFU55IY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:11Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ef110ee376519d083c3e2621fb55819fa20a0a7acb1a5c004d409d5dd344e2f5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"After the so-called cosmic recombination, the expanding universe entered into a period of darkness since most of the matter was in a neutral state. About a billion years later, however, the intergalactic space was once again ionized. The process, known as the cosmic reionization, required the operation of mechanisms that are not well understood. Among other ionizing sources, Population III stars, mini-quasars, and X-ray emitting microquasars have been invoked.\n  In this article we propose that primordial cosmic rays, accelerated at the termination points of the jets of the first microquasars, ","authors_text":"Gustavo Esteban Romero, Maria Victoria del Valle, Matias Tueros","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2014-09-22T16:05:54Z","title":"Cosmic reionization by primordial cosmic rays"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1409.6225","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e87f9a94ac6d4bb027fd6bfd1cdda37633c2b96f98a3fdb548dc480dee35a6ec","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"daaf665b504df6fa6f58c1d2c5814ea4a547a93f2f35f89a1756fa099d9bcb1f","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2014-09-22T16:05:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"fe0772db22b5d3ffe284989cfb781b29f41220da1cb29b3fffcfcc20657f5723"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1409.6225","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ddcb4ef518df30410aad6244bbcb9b319f1c83d78cb51f3c870a87ad6b86255e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ddcb4ef518df30410aad6244bbcb9b319f1c83d78cb51f3c870a87ad6b86255e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:09.843471Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:09.843471Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"6czeNROO8FUnUWY6fcUqYdcxdPsQYR7regMUlCgxDjs/6YMxcxaRN0pUrfAxksV5uhj2sD9NP8brwaKejqDJBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:09.843914Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1409.6225","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e87f9a94ac6d4bb027fd6bfd1cdda37633c2b96f98a3fdb548dc480dee35a6ec","sha256:ef110ee376519d083c3e2621fb55819fa20a0a7acb1a5c004d409d5dd344e2f5"],"state_sha256":"1e717955d3d57afcdd9b6023af42cba42f2a4a7fc5d3d2b70c7d068f229b18b4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uImTnp4K5QASdMKLBJbnUdbjZEnPBw4mmvlKd9g5gvymGDfpdFeYgRJB1quD+kcS9dbfz3OCaZ8CUjFYUP09AA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T06:00:45.084073Z","bundle_sha256":"52434da55ce8a52a8ee7cd501f9065b2e82eb96b7cfe25938321c30e3dfba1ad"}}