{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:4265TCZXZ7QUVZHNVJC2NMAE3W","short_pith_number":"pith:4265TCZX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1704.04451","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2017-04-14T15:22:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"0aa9854abf53cdac4df12256b934d9fddc1ff97dc60b9858a0f6924cb82f3820","abstract_canon_sha256":"8ddfcedc9d990ffc90c0763b62181da58f673b845d20de4a9178cd3d68b1e910"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e6bdd98b37cfe14ae4edaa45a6b004ddac4ddb8015d8e53f63e6a0faf8dffd1d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1704.04451","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1704.04451","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1704.04451v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1704.04451","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4265TCZXZ7QU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4265TCZXZ7QUVZHN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4265TCZX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:4265TCZXZ7QUVZHNVJC2NMAE3W","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1704.04451","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2017-04-14T15:22:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"0aa9854abf53cdac4df12256b934d9fddc1ff97dc60b9858a0f6924cb82f3820","abstract_canon_sha256":"8ddfcedc9d990ffc90c0763b62181da58f673b845d20de4a9178cd3d68b1e910"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e6bdd98b37cfe14ae4edaa45a6b004ddac4ddb8015d8e53f63e6a0faf8dffd1d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:52.987202Z","signature_b64":"7Lt/634sCXNvQ9icx3j85dGwNWbzkXaC4zMkH3HGpsqVAkd5iwvIC7z4oouocddOCHaZNNO7g4nEOzk5PwIMCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e6bdd98b37cfe14ae4edaa45a6b004ddac4ddb8015d8e53f63e6a0faf8dffd1d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:52.986755Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:52.986755Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1704.04451","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oSslI8DvQnNbzhuN48BYVWCk8E5X4+exFUAjlpypyVs4WomAeFtQgxnqGVzJROzbcseWBKHfFDb+R1a+mkQCAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T14:59:29.246689Z"},"content_sha256":"6de3c7912c7a0cebda3c72d4e86331eb6c63de0dc140b4e86a22402f131fa8de","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6de3c7912c7a0cebda3c72d4e86331eb6c63de0dc140b4e86a22402f131fa8de"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:4265TCZXZ7QUVZHNVJC2NMAE3W","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Optimizing Differentiable Relaxations of Coreference Evaluation Metrics","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Ivan Titov, Phong Le","submitted_at":"2017-04-14T15:22:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"Coreference evaluation metrics are hard to optimize directly as they are non-differentiable functions, not easily decomposable into elementary decisions. Consequently, most approaches optimize objectives only indirectly related to the end goal, resulting in suboptimal performance. Instead, we propose a differentiable relaxation that lends itself to gradient-based optimisation, thus bypassing the need for reinforcement learning or heuristic modification of cross-entropy. We show that by modifying the training objective of a competitive neural coreference system, we obtain a substantial gain in "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1704.04451","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gJVITDaI+p+N2U8mhj37OmOF37MoHfLZNDC2J9h9dPpuBYKBxJUtOcjmkI50RMUE8kndKoyDa1Nk3OY7PMJLCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T14:59:29.247243Z"},"content_sha256":"37ea42afa23bf518f7dd3a78c6eec3659c44d610c45d4104e6cb9b7c450d140a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:37ea42afa23bf518f7dd3a78c6eec3659c44d610c45d4104e6cb9b7c450d140a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4265TCZXZ7QUVZHNVJC2NMAE3W/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4265TCZXZ7QUVZHNVJC2NMAE3W/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4265TCZXZ7QUVZHNVJC2NMAE3W/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T14:59:29Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4265TCZXZ7QUVZHNVJC2NMAE3W","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4265TCZXZ7QUVZHNVJC2NMAE3W/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4265TCZXZ7QUVZHNVJC2NMAE3W/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4265TCZXZ7QUVZHNVJC2NMAE3W/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:4265TCZXZ7QUVZHNVJC2NMAE3W","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8ddfcedc9d990ffc90c0763b62181da58f673b845d20de4a9178cd3d68b1e910","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2017-04-14T15:22:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"0aa9854abf53cdac4df12256b934d9fddc1ff97dc60b9858a0f6924cb82f3820"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1704.04451","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1704.04451","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1704.04451v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1704.04451","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4265TCZXZ7QU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4265TCZXZ7QUVZHN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4265TCZX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:37ea42afa23bf518f7dd3a78c6eec3659c44d610c45d4104e6cb9b7c450d140a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Coreference evaluation metrics are hard to optimize directly as they are non-differentiable functions, not easily decomposable into elementary decisions. Consequently, most approaches optimize objectives only indirectly related to the end goal, resulting in suboptimal performance. Instead, we propose a differentiable relaxation that lends itself to gradient-based optimisation, thus bypassing the need for reinforcement learning or heuristic modification of cross-entropy. We show that by modifying the training objective of a competitive neural coreference system, we obtain a substantial gain in ","authors_text":"Ivan Titov, Phong Le","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2017-04-14T15:22:51Z","title":"Optimizing Differentiable Relaxations of Coreference Evaluation Metrics"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1704.04451","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6de3c7912c7a0cebda3c72d4e86331eb6c63de0dc140b4e86a22402f131fa8de","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8ddfcedc9d990ffc90c0763b62181da58f673b845d20de4a9178cd3d68b1e910","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2017-04-14T15:22:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"0aa9854abf53cdac4df12256b934d9fddc1ff97dc60b9858a0f6924cb82f3820"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1704.04451","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"e6bdd98b37cfe14ae4edaa45a6b004ddac4ddb8015d8e53f63e6a0faf8dffd1d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e6bdd98b37cfe14ae4edaa45a6b004ddac4ddb8015d8e53f63e6a0faf8dffd1d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:52.986755Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:52.986755Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"7Lt/634sCXNvQ9icx3j85dGwNWbzkXaC4zMkH3HGpsqVAkd5iwvIC7z4oouocddOCHaZNNO7g4nEOzk5PwIMCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:41:52.987202Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1704.04451","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6de3c7912c7a0cebda3c72d4e86331eb6c63de0dc140b4e86a22402f131fa8de","sha256:37ea42afa23bf518f7dd3a78c6eec3659c44d610c45d4104e6cb9b7c450d140a"],"state_sha256":"10990cbe1b7a5523bb653663f1665780ca0dc4e6bf748565ababa134ba9994f0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rpVNd3MEhvChFONCdJf9i4jBOz4IqyU8FxFOacoeAHPICjVazvBdwHNMxSMwTe4Ajwisbpi9n1nTRrY/Y4hnBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T14:59:29.250260Z","bundle_sha256":"d0d7992ef4d375e384bcbeb9031d2d7a64bdd214b8c5632426c68fe1964c61d0"}}