{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:42LA2KHIH724YNDPV6LABHDHWW","short_pith_number":"pith:42LA2KHI","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2212.09631","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-12-19T17:06:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"a07598c114dad56e35b659f48f30e6a97bea9cb851df4dfe0c55ce5862e635d4","abstract_canon_sha256":"3bb7c254fe8420d726b4546e67e6828cf36570715c001cc318895f59f87d6e5c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e6960d28e83ff5cc346faf96009c67b59f7b57e3faaa8d19831e22f354c23b91","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2212.09631","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2212.09631","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2212.09631v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2212.09631","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"42LA2KHIH724","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"42LA2KHIH724YNDP","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"42LA2KHI","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:42LA2KHIH724YNDPV6LABHDHWW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2212.09631","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-12-19T17:06:58Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"a07598c114dad56e35b659f48f30e6a97bea9cb851df4dfe0c55ce5862e635d4","abstract_canon_sha256":"3bb7c254fe8420d726b4546e67e6828cf36570715c001cc318895f59f87d6e5c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e6960d28e83ff5cc346faf96009c67b59f7b57e3faaa8d19831e22f354c23b91","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44.113684Z","signature_b64":"mPbw1pBbrAJCR3O6hNpDQozaa3pySgXuwvFl48kjSBKk3KvPkiyez2sXHPi0fJsoMDe7ahgSRQKKKFOgdHGoBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e6960d28e83ff5cc346faf96009c67b59f7b57e3faaa8d19831e22f354c23b91","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44.113252Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44.113252Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2212.09631","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fSDRqgx8w2X1Gh9r7ehDKFzyp8bHWjDbDJnDl5sVuhlOS0YmnD01vZCgFQwW8SulH6WeqM7H29DWF90Lo23sBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-31T14:51:20.355858Z"},"content_sha256":"fa92e76c29c123cf33d6beea7e61b11809c9271e49d6c1a6211b11bcaf5d40f8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fa92e76c29c123cf33d6beea7e61b11809c9271e49d6c1a6211b11bcaf5d40f8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:42LA2KHIH724YNDPV6LABHDHWW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Optimal Transport for Unsupervised Hallucination Detection in Neural Machine Translation","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Andr\\'e F. T. Martins, Nuno M. Guerreiro, Pablo Piantanida, Pierre Colombo","submitted_at":"2022-12-19T17:06:58Z","abstract_excerpt":"Neural machine translation (NMT) has become the de-facto standard in real-world machine translation applications. However, NMT models can unpredictably produce severely pathological translations, known as hallucinations, that seriously undermine user trust. It becomes thus crucial to implement effective preventive strategies to guarantee their proper functioning. In this paper, we address the problem of hallucination detection in NMT by following a simple intuition: as hallucinations are detached from the source content, they exhibit encoder-decoder attention patterns that are statistically di"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2212.09631","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2212.09631/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"VQbgvxe2EQWF50cFgWEO+TUuYB8vfDLM60o0hYu4lQZJy7d/FSus0zd0YoBFiJlt4nqYFI9VKogRJW4Y7NDdBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-31T14:51:20.356680Z"},"content_sha256":"c11b7b8853f775a2fa5d0d1a1016e29491cc829368d26aa15120222b77d2b8c5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c11b7b8853f775a2fa5d0d1a1016e29491cc829368d26aa15120222b77d2b8c5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/42LA2KHIH724YNDPV6LABHDHWW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/42LA2KHIH724YNDPV6LABHDHWW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/42LA2KHIH724YNDPV6LABHDHWW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-31T14:51:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/42LA2KHIH724YNDPV6LABHDHWW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/42LA2KHIH724YNDPV6LABHDHWW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/42LA2KHIH724YNDPV6LABHDHWW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/42LA2KHIH724YNDPV6LABHDHWW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:42LA2KHIH724YNDPV6LABHDHWW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3bb7c254fe8420d726b4546e67e6828cf36570715c001cc318895f59f87d6e5c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-12-19T17:06:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"a07598c114dad56e35b659f48f30e6a97bea9cb851df4dfe0c55ce5862e635d4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2212.09631","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2212.09631","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2212.09631v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2212.09631","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"42LA2KHIH724","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"42LA2KHIH724YNDP","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"42LA2KHI","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c11b7b8853f775a2fa5d0d1a1016e29491cc829368d26aa15120222b77d2b8c5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2212.09631/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Neural machine translation (NMT) has become the de-facto standard in real-world machine translation applications. However, NMT models can unpredictably produce severely pathological translations, known as hallucinations, that seriously undermine user trust. It becomes thus crucial to implement effective preventive strategies to guarantee their proper functioning. In this paper, we address the problem of hallucination detection in NMT by following a simple intuition: as hallucinations are detached from the source content, they exhibit encoder-decoder attention patterns that are statistically di","authors_text":"Andr\\'e F. T. Martins, Nuno M. Guerreiro, Pablo Piantanida, Pierre Colombo","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-12-19T17:06:58Z","title":"Optimal Transport for Unsupervised Hallucination Detection in Neural Machine Translation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2212.09631","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fa92e76c29c123cf33d6beea7e61b11809c9271e49d6c1a6211b11bcaf5d40f8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3bb7c254fe8420d726b4546e67e6828cf36570715c001cc318895f59f87d6e5c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-12-19T17:06:58Z","title_canon_sha256":"a07598c114dad56e35b659f48f30e6a97bea9cb851df4dfe0c55ce5862e635d4"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2212.09631","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"e6960d28e83ff5cc346faf96009c67b59f7b57e3faaa8d19831e22f354c23b91","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e6960d28e83ff5cc346faf96009c67b59f7b57e3faaa8d19831e22f354c23b91","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44.113252Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44.113252Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"mPbw1pBbrAJCR3O6hNpDQozaa3pySgXuwvFl48kjSBKk3KvPkiyez2sXHPi0fJsoMDe7ahgSRQKKKFOgdHGoBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:11:44.113684Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2212.09631","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fa92e76c29c123cf33d6beea7e61b11809c9271e49d6c1a6211b11bcaf5d40f8","sha256:c11b7b8853f775a2fa5d0d1a1016e29491cc829368d26aa15120222b77d2b8c5"],"state_sha256":"be40e5389811d78373813075b18a570f6283a4acacb07cdca36567a8eb0f4864"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"g4TocZCaEx6/MqXdmyoxYqdfQ7Tqmbb9ZJXBLq4alkeJJ4RHDYyf4yxaH1W74U+IpBCoBbWY69kXDu6yb/EZBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-31T14:51:20.361431Z","bundle_sha256":"96ddf1edc12c80ba2e31800fea1112b3d8af63d1b2d37d3ae010e16f133214a8"}}