{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:42YNO2VPPKV22QH2MOMWCMDI6I","short_pith_number":"pith:42YNO2VP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2302.01398","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-02-02T20:19:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"623b5a3e3c6e4ad5884d411a104dfe5012e92941cc4a669040619ea3658d847b","abstract_canon_sha256":"1be450eabe7657a3afbb2933a92fa97a0b9de4bf09d50cff5fce93489ae22fe9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e6b0d76aaf7aabad40fa6399613068f22bb4d5221dc27f7b55e6876b5ca291f4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2302.01398","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2302.01398","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2302.01398v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2302.01398","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"42YNO2VPPKV2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"42YNO2VPPKV22QH2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"42YNO2VP","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:42YNO2VPPKV22QH2MOMWCMDI6I","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2302.01398","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-02-02T20:19:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"623b5a3e3c6e4ad5884d411a104dfe5012e92941cc4a669040619ea3658d847b","abstract_canon_sha256":"1be450eabe7657a3afbb2933a92fa97a0b9de4bf09d50cff5fce93489ae22fe9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e6b0d76aaf7aabad40fa6399613068f22bb4d5221dc27f7b55e6876b5ca291f4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31.836988Z","signature_b64":"Blk16osh6A5EKuWQodY5LLR8mAMQhBsG4Q+/Q/fRKnJD/yVjWl63PpoGTHDtm58EIyidmeGTYFv66p82MK1OBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e6b0d76aaf7aabad40fa6399613068f22bb4d5221dc27f7b55e6876b5ca291f4","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31.836577Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31.836577Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2302.01398","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iXlYojn7z3ecg1bDUCj3XFEObhg9lA2SfjGfO0bw4jlcedaIBPQ16OoFfgxx03PiDc96JHRMwC7cVdRrBcdwCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T16:44:28.313333Z"},"content_sha256":"05aa2af86b7b32317a8ef51fe72f25d57574d61984c9070c08b9a86bfd369aef","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:05aa2af86b7b32317a8ef51fe72f25d57574d61984c9070c08b9a86bfd369aef"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:42YNO2VPPKV22QH2MOMWCMDI6I","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The unreasonable effectiveness of few-shot learning for machine translation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Colin Cherry, Fangxiaoyu Feng, George Foster, Maxim Krikun, Melvin Johnson, Orhan Firat, Xavier Garcia, Yamini Bansal","submitted_at":"2023-02-02T20:19:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"We demonstrate the potential of few-shot translation systems, trained with unpaired language data, for both high and low-resource language pairs. We show that with only 5 examples of high-quality translation data shown at inference, a transformer decoder-only model trained solely with self-supervised learning, is able to match specialized supervised state-of-the-art models as well as more general commercial translation systems. In particular, we outperform the best performing system on the WMT'21 English - Chinese news translation task by only using five examples of English - Chinese parallel "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2302.01398","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2302.01398/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fjvwmCkRUoDI2FoTYS5J/xRtgSFG6Hl+75Yb1/9IOKUWv6buqZW02cWWJSIrCYWnK2vE4Z0dC2V8naGyE5lvBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T16:44:28.313841Z"},"content_sha256":"53ae6b7176f9f2fc0d75032ac473356075a9a8c703d7d116122736886eb430cb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:53ae6b7176f9f2fc0d75032ac473356075a9a8c703d7d116122736886eb430cb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/42YNO2VPPKV22QH2MOMWCMDI6I/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/42YNO2VPPKV22QH2MOMWCMDI6I/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/42YNO2VPPKV22QH2MOMWCMDI6I/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T16:44:28Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/42YNO2VPPKV22QH2MOMWCMDI6I","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/42YNO2VPPKV22QH2MOMWCMDI6I/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/42YNO2VPPKV22QH2MOMWCMDI6I/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/42YNO2VPPKV22QH2MOMWCMDI6I/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:42YNO2VPPKV22QH2MOMWCMDI6I","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1be450eabe7657a3afbb2933a92fa97a0b9de4bf09d50cff5fce93489ae22fe9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-02-02T20:19:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"623b5a3e3c6e4ad5884d411a104dfe5012e92941cc4a669040619ea3658d847b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2302.01398","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2302.01398","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2302.01398v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2302.01398","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"42YNO2VPPKV2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"42YNO2VPPKV22QH2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"42YNO2VP","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:53ae6b7176f9f2fc0d75032ac473356075a9a8c703d7d116122736886eb430cb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2302.01398/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We demonstrate the potential of few-shot translation systems, trained with unpaired language data, for both high and low-resource language pairs. We show that with only 5 examples of high-quality translation data shown at inference, a transformer decoder-only model trained solely with self-supervised learning, is able to match specialized supervised state-of-the-art models as well as more general commercial translation systems. In particular, we outperform the best performing system on the WMT'21 English - Chinese news translation task by only using five examples of English - Chinese parallel ","authors_text":"Colin Cherry, Fangxiaoyu Feng, George Foster, Maxim Krikun, Melvin Johnson, Orhan Firat, Xavier Garcia, Yamini Bansal","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-02-02T20:19:46Z","title":"The unreasonable effectiveness of few-shot learning for machine translation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2302.01398","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:05aa2af86b7b32317a8ef51fe72f25d57574d61984c9070c08b9a86bfd369aef","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1be450eabe7657a3afbb2933a92fa97a0b9de4bf09d50cff5fce93489ae22fe9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-02-02T20:19:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"623b5a3e3c6e4ad5884d411a104dfe5012e92941cc4a669040619ea3658d847b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2302.01398","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e6b0d76aaf7aabad40fa6399613068f22bb4d5221dc27f7b55e6876b5ca291f4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e6b0d76aaf7aabad40fa6399613068f22bb4d5221dc27f7b55e6876b5ca291f4","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31.836577Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31.836577Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Blk16osh6A5EKuWQodY5LLR8mAMQhBsG4Q+/Q/fRKnJD/yVjWl63PpoGTHDtm58EIyidmeGTYFv66p82MK1OBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:38:31.836988Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2302.01398","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:05aa2af86b7b32317a8ef51fe72f25d57574d61984c9070c08b9a86bfd369aef","sha256:53ae6b7176f9f2fc0d75032ac473356075a9a8c703d7d116122736886eb430cb"],"state_sha256":"e56c1760c8226717d1c4697d6022bb84040d6dfc44443b83ad07af9c9f20e1d3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"C9jYfTQJJKtpkXqzddenImNuwbPnPlpRzFzTATUNqoIj/uKftssEo8UEI2qWkOuRvHPkyJS4NClDiHI0TouNBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T16:44:28.318321Z","bundle_sha256":"d88a9daf287cb06c8da7e060e9115caea23d23367ca538237bdba5ec97c9f874"}}