{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:4367NQATCC6UOV56KWWHDKFSE6","short_pith_number":"pith:4367NQAT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1001.2195","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2010-01-13T15:05:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.NE"],"title_canon_sha256":"321ac17d424ab9b5a04332670f25167d34ae21229eae51e2901187c743f6af9c","abstract_canon_sha256":"ba46930a6ea443e15028b34f074e9d8803ceb08f1bef96f1769fb0f363696f9d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e6fdf6c01310bd4757be55ac71a8b227a018504c7f8ee1b081a549462e3c71ba","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1001.2195","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1001.2195","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1001.2195v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1001.2195","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4367NQATCC6U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4367NQATCC6UOV56","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4367NQAT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:03Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:4367NQATCC6UOV56KWWHDKFSE6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1001.2195","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2010-01-13T15:05:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.NE"],"title_canon_sha256":"321ac17d424ab9b5a04332670f25167d34ae21229eae51e2901187c743f6af9c","abstract_canon_sha256":"ba46930a6ea443e15028b34f074e9d8803ceb08f1bef96f1769fb0f363696f9d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e6fdf6c01310bd4757be55ac71a8b227a018504c7f8ee1b081a549462e3c71ba","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:57.929099Z","signature_b64":"Xw4gkoQI/6K/cQmklIpEnarh94hZMK4nfQCfUMsY3KfYRKXVuBN4vbeyeaNeCze/cIrw7yxJoUfUjBmW8FO4Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e6fdf6c01310bd4757be55ac71a8b227a018504c7f8ee1b081a549462e3c71ba","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:57.928568Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:57.928568Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1001.2195","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eqVSWp86XyGgHiZwBJSTTqhtAz9KFRXaVMq0TwxTwGNqBbRht5m8DwzEac28DzxvoKcJMbZ2YmGr41rlNZT8DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T17:09:41.635800Z"},"content_sha256":"7c0ce29a6e9fa495645387e9c1975cfc4158cfbd6cfc7bd8218c397703167b19","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7c0ce29a6e9fa495645387e9c1975cfc4158cfbd6cfc7bd8218c397703167b19"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:4367NQATCC6UOV56KWWHDKFSE6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"DCA for Bot Detection","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.NE"],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Julie Greensmith, Uwe Aickelin, Yousof Al-Hammadi","submitted_at":"2010-01-13T15:05:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"Ensuring the security of computers is a non-trivial task, with many techniques used by malicious users to compromise these systems. In recent years a new threat has emerged in the form of networks of hijacked zombie machines used to perform complex distributed attacks such as denial of service and to obtain sensitive data such as password information. These zombie machines are said to be infected with a 'bot' - a malicious piece of software which is installed on a host machine and is controlled by a remote attacker, termed the 'botmaster of a botnet'. In this work, we use the biologically insp"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1001.2195","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4nBgMHfMnI0deNLdphxJCu8Znj+3bi3SXlEnDn9uKFt0sjG+297zSB21rGK+7FeSrQel1jKaBMQRAmvNJ2YwAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T17:09:41.636144Z"},"content_sha256":"08fd1881e017187c55a1efa1d06802a97e12d12422afbd73c86cad03ac52dcc7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:08fd1881e017187c55a1efa1d06802a97e12d12422afbd73c86cad03ac52dcc7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4367NQATCC6UOV56KWWHDKFSE6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4367NQATCC6UOV56KWWHDKFSE6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4367NQATCC6UOV56KWWHDKFSE6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-09T17:09:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4367NQATCC6UOV56KWWHDKFSE6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4367NQATCC6UOV56KWWHDKFSE6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4367NQATCC6UOV56KWWHDKFSE6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4367NQATCC6UOV56KWWHDKFSE6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:4367NQATCC6UOV56KWWHDKFSE6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ba46930a6ea443e15028b34f074e9d8803ceb08f1bef96f1769fb0f363696f9d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.NE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2010-01-13T15:05:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"321ac17d424ab9b5a04332670f25167d34ae21229eae51e2901187c743f6af9c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1001.2195","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1001.2195","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1001.2195v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1001.2195","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4367NQATCC6U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4367NQATCC6UOV56","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4367NQAT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:03Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:08fd1881e017187c55a1efa1d06802a97e12d12422afbd73c86cad03ac52dcc7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Ensuring the security of computers is a non-trivial task, with many techniques used by malicious users to compromise these systems. In recent years a new threat has emerged in the form of networks of hijacked zombie machines used to perform complex distributed attacks such as denial of service and to obtain sensitive data such as password information. These zombie machines are said to be infected with a 'bot' - a malicious piece of software which is installed on a host machine and is controlled by a remote attacker, termed the 'botmaster of a botnet'. In this work, we use the biologically insp","authors_text":"Julie Greensmith, Uwe Aickelin, Yousof Al-Hammadi","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.NE"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2010-01-13T15:05:02Z","title":"DCA for Bot Detection"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1001.2195","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7c0ce29a6e9fa495645387e9c1975cfc4158cfbd6cfc7bd8218c397703167b19","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ba46930a6ea443e15028b34f074e9d8803ceb08f1bef96f1769fb0f363696f9d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.NE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2010-01-13T15:05:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"321ac17d424ab9b5a04332670f25167d34ae21229eae51e2901187c743f6af9c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1001.2195","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e6fdf6c01310bd4757be55ac71a8b227a018504c7f8ee1b081a549462e3c71ba","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e6fdf6c01310bd4757be55ac71a8b227a018504c7f8ee1b081a549462e3c71ba","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:57.928568Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:57.928568Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Xw4gkoQI/6K/cQmklIpEnarh94hZMK4nfQCfUMsY3KfYRKXVuBN4vbeyeaNeCze/cIrw7yxJoUfUjBmW8FO4Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:57:57.929099Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1001.2195","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7c0ce29a6e9fa495645387e9c1975cfc4158cfbd6cfc7bd8218c397703167b19","sha256:08fd1881e017187c55a1efa1d06802a97e12d12422afbd73c86cad03ac52dcc7"],"state_sha256":"080c2af3b7631ea3c75dc34de9d3a216e16a3fb86eafee5d9d7da60e9abf9e29"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Hi4LMAq8UuJCCJHdtWQR1Kbvc0s00UeZHX0SS6+jDduuJQU6IKNTbBda1A+rylq1OldnrhU8Xh5RDXXf/XGEAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T17:09:41.639335Z","bundle_sha256":"5080a942822ed96d0ffb2d3a1bf7e5a7195086b46c91c70335071fd8ccf951e5"}}