{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:43E3X57TBCTNJ72T7SD3K5KVJC","short_pith_number":"pith:43E3X57T","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.03737","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2019-03-09T04:56:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"f5a25b37eeae6c2daeec05ab5eea97691d0155a8f741b2783c94fc8840303a8d","abstract_canon_sha256":"5de909f55f8b21fe3eaeea8cbf20554d07ce95ae243aca47579328388938708b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e6c9bbf7f308a6d4ff53fc87b5755548b52d221034bb0ef638deb2b6e5c2b636","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1903.03737","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.03737","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.03737v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.03737","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"43E3X57TBCTN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"43E3X57TBCTNJ72T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"43E3X57T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:43E3X57TBCTNJ72T7SD3K5KVJC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1903.03737","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2019-03-09T04:56:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"f5a25b37eeae6c2daeec05ab5eea97691d0155a8f741b2783c94fc8840303a8d","abstract_canon_sha256":"5de909f55f8b21fe3eaeea8cbf20554d07ce95ae243aca47579328388938708b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e6c9bbf7f308a6d4ff53fc87b5755548b52d221034bb0ef638deb2b6e5c2b636","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:57.782734Z","signature_b64":"wDBUzdAB/04rhQjcFeBjvdWBOKR/1hVfOXhxYXaERF5oaMjSga65zbeXKWetEyd+sHHiwjhn0lX6I+/PRcMECw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e6c9bbf7f308a6d4ff53fc87b5755548b52d221034bb0ef638deb2b6e5c2b636","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:57.782253Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:57.782253Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1903.03737","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wbmzEpqqe5EcKWA87VS0Kkl96kZbdn/rc/ZcTZGKSnrkigIOpvjX63et9w6pLB49ypjGyitf+MLWdI6oRBWjBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T22:44:04.739618Z"},"content_sha256":"f9536cb9da01f34a8eb23ed1748da3bb0e21d28b9a67161761e6b7789a5e6087","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f9536cb9da01f34a8eb23ed1748da3bb0e21d28b9a67161761e6b7789a5e6087"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:43E3X57TBCTNJ72T7SD3K5KVJC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Bow shocks, bow waves, and dust waves. I. Strong coupling limit","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"S. J. Arthur, William J. Henney","submitted_at":"2019-03-09T04:56:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"Dust waves and bow waves result from the action of a star's radiation pressure on a stream of dusty plasma that flows past it. They are an alternative mechanism to hydrodynamic bow shocks for explaining the curved arcs of infrared emission seen around some stars. When gas and grains are perfectly coupled, for a broad class of stellar parameters, wind-supported bow shocks predominate when the ambient density is below 100 per cubic cm. At higher densities radiation-supported bows can form, tending to be optically thin bow waves around B stars, or optically thick bow shocks around early O stars. "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.03737","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"n9kRpw3S1bobQfelwoGtFJGDF+GvqcODwXfph4Y2HK1CnyQzt4BvoWHiAr9gXBgvlg6UIWy1SbQlkJtHqKbhDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T22:44:04.740097Z"},"content_sha256":"5e8e50371e1c929b9a8ad8787703185752a3f59a079d66911d4f61fbaf47f3e0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5e8e50371e1c929b9a8ad8787703185752a3f59a079d66911d4f61fbaf47f3e0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/43E3X57TBCTNJ72T7SD3K5KVJC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/43E3X57TBCTNJ72T7SD3K5KVJC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/43E3X57TBCTNJ72T7SD3K5KVJC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-02T22:44:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/43E3X57TBCTNJ72T7SD3K5KVJC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/43E3X57TBCTNJ72T7SD3K5KVJC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/43E3X57TBCTNJ72T7SD3K5KVJC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/43E3X57TBCTNJ72T7SD3K5KVJC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:43E3X57TBCTNJ72T7SD3K5KVJC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5de909f55f8b21fe3eaeea8cbf20554d07ce95ae243aca47579328388938708b","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2019-03-09T04:56:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"f5a25b37eeae6c2daeec05ab5eea97691d0155a8f741b2783c94fc8840303a8d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.03737","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1903.03737","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1903.03737v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1903.03737","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"43E3X57TBCTN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"43E3X57TBCTNJ72T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"43E3X57T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:10Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5e8e50371e1c929b9a8ad8787703185752a3f59a079d66911d4f61fbaf47f3e0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Dust waves and bow waves result from the action of a star's radiation pressure on a stream of dusty plasma that flows past it. They are an alternative mechanism to hydrodynamic bow shocks for explaining the curved arcs of infrared emission seen around some stars. When gas and grains are perfectly coupled, for a broad class of stellar parameters, wind-supported bow shocks predominate when the ambient density is below 100 per cubic cm. At higher densities radiation-supported bows can form, tending to be optically thin bow waves around B stars, or optically thick bow shocks around early O stars. ","authors_text":"S. J. Arthur, William J. Henney","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2019-03-09T04:56:15Z","title":"Bow shocks, bow waves, and dust waves. I. Strong coupling limit"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.03737","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f9536cb9da01f34a8eb23ed1748da3bb0e21d28b9a67161761e6b7789a5e6087","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5de909f55f8b21fe3eaeea8cbf20554d07ce95ae243aca47579328388938708b","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2019-03-09T04:56:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"f5a25b37eeae6c2daeec05ab5eea97691d0155a8f741b2783c94fc8840303a8d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1903.03737","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"e6c9bbf7f308a6d4ff53fc87b5755548b52d221034bb0ef638deb2b6e5c2b636","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e6c9bbf7f308a6d4ff53fc87b5755548b52d221034bb0ef638deb2b6e5c2b636","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:57.782253Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:57.782253Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"wDBUzdAB/04rhQjcFeBjvdWBOKR/1hVfOXhxYXaERF5oaMjSga65zbeXKWetEyd+sHHiwjhn0lX6I+/PRcMECw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:47:57.782734Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1903.03737","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f9536cb9da01f34a8eb23ed1748da3bb0e21d28b9a67161761e6b7789a5e6087","sha256:5e8e50371e1c929b9a8ad8787703185752a3f59a079d66911d4f61fbaf47f3e0"],"state_sha256":"80bf6901dda585aea10755f8dfc1cb65d9959546cc11182d8e3ac2172f9acabc"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YdN0YCoF6vuWyTqtzFcdz6BnOstBkpPzWmxXTObZk9K05asrQvnT7JIODjmLVxGjDorikYHR1zqAdYeD1oVTAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-02T22:44:04.745314Z","bundle_sha256":"4fd6874c1e7986ee46f490fb590c74c907431106375eb16bd154aa38946bef8d"}}