{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:43IDAFSCGR553HHRR7QD7KI2RV","short_pith_number":"pith:43IDAFSC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1810.10718","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2018-10-25T04:41:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT","math.OC"],"title_canon_sha256":"997f5ebe7a403879808545150154a46b1051a34fa26196e77dc8f3e0f281df03","abstract_canon_sha256":"74430991f9ac19b0cde8e6c18a2357aebdbb66c0f1e2c28f8a4399a74ac693e3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e6d0301642347bdd9cf18fe03fa91a8d62588d1e77a59a89b7be179e0dfb4974","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1810.10718","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1810.10718","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1810.10718v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1810.10718","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"43IDAFSCGR55","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"43IDAFSCGR553HHR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"43IDAFSC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:43IDAFSCGR553HHRR7QD7KI2RV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1810.10718","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2018-10-25T04:41:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT","math.OC"],"title_canon_sha256":"997f5ebe7a403879808545150154a46b1051a34fa26196e77dc8f3e0f281df03","abstract_canon_sha256":"74430991f9ac19b0cde8e6c18a2357aebdbb66c0f1e2c28f8a4399a74ac693e3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e6d0301642347bdd9cf18fe03fa91a8d62588d1e77a59a89b7be179e0dfb4974","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:15.449245Z","signature_b64":"dDHhlSZeDssimGkXjLH3UaFOnL0ovAyJv+SaROgvYYwmm6nvI+ZFqZH/KBhHxcyBnqFwsFsXnrZ8fevXWJd3Bw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e6d0301642347bdd9cf18fe03fa91a8d62588d1e77a59a89b7be179e0dfb4974","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:15.448600Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:15.448600Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1810.10718","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TS+0zxYcq+cEfZfHWhfs2a4Z8mNM99JlXVbD4AMFKKFrZbtV4ZAJ6Rq30HpAR8j48J4UnQ3UeO/JxMG8Z4TdCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T17:41:07.705585Z"},"content_sha256":"ba9f7c36eefd148073f4c741956984fd43f8c2b480d9ae046deb80740e5ebae5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ba9f7c36eefd148073f4c741956984fd43f8c2b480d9ae046deb80740e5ebae5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:43IDAFSCGR553HHRR7QD7KI2RV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Beamforming Optimization for Intelligent Reflecting Surface with Discrete Phase Shifts","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.IT","math.OC"],"primary_cat":"cs.IT","authors_text":"Qingqing Wu, Rui Zhang","submitted_at":"2018-10-25T04:41:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a promising technology for achieving high spectrum efficiency in future wireless networks by leveraging massive low-cost reflecting elements with each reflecting the incident signal with a proper phase shift. However, prior works on IRS are mainly based on the optimization of infinite-resolution phase shifters which are practically infeasible due to hardware imperfections. In contrast, we study in this paper an IRS-aided wireless network, where an IRS with only finite-resolution phase shifter available at each element is deployed to assist in the communi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1810.10718","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qIcev5G/mBb1u3yoS8K+QOl7xCg3kkIW9zveCtTkL5uLBE+Piu7m8ysfcBbIX0+hCJn+dcNvTsf7KA8r1m3wDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T17:41:07.706212Z"},"content_sha256":"62cde696ec46f991f3ada1ded3a9a0db8419198fcd1fb01107a98dcdc30c9835","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:62cde696ec46f991f3ada1ded3a9a0db8419198fcd1fb01107a98dcdc30c9835"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/43IDAFSCGR553HHRR7QD7KI2RV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/43IDAFSCGR553HHRR7QD7KI2RV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/43IDAFSCGR553HHRR7QD7KI2RV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T17:41:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/43IDAFSCGR553HHRR7QD7KI2RV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/43IDAFSCGR553HHRR7QD7KI2RV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/43IDAFSCGR553HHRR7QD7KI2RV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/43IDAFSCGR553HHRR7QD7KI2RV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:43IDAFSCGR553HHRR7QD7KI2RV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"74430991f9ac19b0cde8e6c18a2357aebdbb66c0f1e2c28f8a4399a74ac693e3","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT","math.OC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2018-10-25T04:41:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"997f5ebe7a403879808545150154a46b1051a34fa26196e77dc8f3e0f281df03"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1810.10718","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1810.10718","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1810.10718v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1810.10718","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"43IDAFSCGR55","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"43IDAFSCGR553HHR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"43IDAFSC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:62cde696ec46f991f3ada1ded3a9a0db8419198fcd1fb01107a98dcdc30c9835","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a promising technology for achieving high spectrum efficiency in future wireless networks by leveraging massive low-cost reflecting elements with each reflecting the incident signal with a proper phase shift. However, prior works on IRS are mainly based on the optimization of infinite-resolution phase shifters which are practically infeasible due to hardware imperfections. In contrast, we study in this paper an IRS-aided wireless network, where an IRS with only finite-resolution phase shifter available at each element is deployed to assist in the communi","authors_text":"Qingqing Wu, Rui Zhang","cross_cats":["math.IT","math.OC"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2018-10-25T04:41:24Z","title":"Beamforming Optimization for Intelligent Reflecting Surface with Discrete Phase Shifts"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1810.10718","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ba9f7c36eefd148073f4c741956984fd43f8c2b480d9ae046deb80740e5ebae5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"74430991f9ac19b0cde8e6c18a2357aebdbb66c0f1e2c28f8a4399a74ac693e3","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT","math.OC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2018-10-25T04:41:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"997f5ebe7a403879808545150154a46b1051a34fa26196e77dc8f3e0f281df03"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1810.10718","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"e6d0301642347bdd9cf18fe03fa91a8d62588d1e77a59a89b7be179e0dfb4974","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e6d0301642347bdd9cf18fe03fa91a8d62588d1e77a59a89b7be179e0dfb4974","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:15.448600Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:15.448600Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"dDHhlSZeDssimGkXjLH3UaFOnL0ovAyJv+SaROgvYYwmm6nvI+ZFqZH/KBhHxcyBnqFwsFsXnrZ8fevXWJd3Bw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:02:15.449245Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1810.10718","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ba9f7c36eefd148073f4c741956984fd43f8c2b480d9ae046deb80740e5ebae5","sha256:62cde696ec46f991f3ada1ded3a9a0db8419198fcd1fb01107a98dcdc30c9835"],"state_sha256":"092358731a566e60467adfda2be8cd27a0eaa95d0fbd34fd526a362e1846f5d7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WTi06brjtO5yuHsQRzQgdoFgMr9+rHoXoIKfzPk9uKedpqL4EGmvVroU5+sX8REFhvRsoevVUJhJwxapmO7LDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T17:41:07.709887Z","bundle_sha256":"b32274d84563b9f25412b4d379a177bee3f6ce2fa826d86e20179f1ac6a1c2dd"}}