{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:43ZOLVDYUJMGMFXVJO23NPXJ37","short_pith_number":"pith:43ZOLVDY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1909.04093","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2019-09-09T18:32:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP","astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"61be298dc4809e2e8ae9eed354438fae1982b96964747c880ec4c4199e95be30","abstract_canon_sha256":"cb2b53ab1376926ab31caa7bb5feffd9ff6110fa41511a112f2d65e18d306181"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e6f2e5d478a2586616f54bb5b6bee9dff4ea453d23e64b0a15959f18000d3a2c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1909.04093","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1909.04093","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1909.04093v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1909.04093","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"43ZOLVDYUJMG","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"43ZOLVDYUJMGMFXV","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"43ZOLVDY","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:43ZOLVDYUJMGMFXVJO23NPXJ37","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1909.04093","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2019-09-09T18:32:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP","astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"61be298dc4809e2e8ae9eed354438fae1982b96964747c880ec4c4199e95be30","abstract_canon_sha256":"cb2b53ab1376926ab31caa7bb5feffd9ff6110fa41511a112f2d65e18d306181"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e6f2e5d478a2586616f54bb5b6bee9dff4ea453d23e64b0a15959f18000d3a2c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58.303512Z","signature_b64":"csj1fIBYRosoXNhLA42Ehuszg81Gq8rULwenCjehO1LjhlAnfTDxYiTJXqwXQQXznY87BhZJupWtFJIQ5Yd3Dg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e6f2e5d478a2586616f54bb5b6bee9dff4ea453d23e64b0a15959f18000d3a2c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58.303093Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58.303093Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1909.04093","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nANAb2VCuuo2xyVoSYW/7zGzR82Z/Jw+DenS2RW1qzL7PRboWtXVtY1gAi9go+KxX1+vcKz+d7m6ZH3rjrpXCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:30:07.548650Z"},"content_sha256":"9cd8232097fb9b1ef436fb66d3cef096a412801c22b3eeb00ef7954bfdff1552","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9cd8232097fb9b1ef436fb66d3cef096a412801c22b3eeb00ef7954bfdff1552"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:43ZOLVDYUJMGMFXVJO23NPXJ37","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A solution to the proplyd lifetime problem","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.EP","astro-ph.GA"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"Alvaro Hacar, Andrew J. Winter, Cathie J. Clarke, Giovanni P. Rosotti, Richard Alexander","submitted_at":"2019-09-09T18:32:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"Protoplanetary discs (PPDs) in the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) are irradiated by UV fields from the massive star $\\theta^1$C. This drives thermal winds, inducing mass loss rates of up to $\\dot{M}_\\mathrm{wind}\\sim 10^{-7}\\,M_\\odot$/yr in the `proplyds' (ionised PPDs) close to the centre. For the mean age of the ONC and reasonable initial PPD masses, such mass loss rates imply that discs should have been dispersed. However, ~80% of stars still exhibit a NIR excess, suggesting that significant circumstellar mass remains. This `proplyd lifetime problem' has persisted since the discovery of photoev"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1909.04093","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1909.04093/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uUCvVso+PyGH/PLI7TG25nYvrt7Pc0uBcgl0VrqTEPSOFKUw0//wxs/zyY07aMFKsqugd37aaVxkkoWeSiNYCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:30:07.549026Z"},"content_sha256":"ae182011edfe9f340b4f7022e02cff251e535cd150b870143fd04af6aaa8263a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ae182011edfe9f340b4f7022e02cff251e535cd150b870143fd04af6aaa8263a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/43ZOLVDYUJMGMFXVJO23NPXJ37/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/43ZOLVDYUJMGMFXVJO23NPXJ37/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/43ZOLVDYUJMGMFXVJO23NPXJ37/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-05T07:30:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/43ZOLVDYUJMGMFXVJO23NPXJ37","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/43ZOLVDYUJMGMFXVJO23NPXJ37/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/43ZOLVDYUJMGMFXVJO23NPXJ37/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/43ZOLVDYUJMGMFXVJO23NPXJ37/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:43ZOLVDYUJMGMFXVJO23NPXJ37","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cb2b53ab1376926ab31caa7bb5feffd9ff6110fa41511a112f2d65e18d306181","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP","astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2019-09-09T18:32:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"61be298dc4809e2e8ae9eed354438fae1982b96964747c880ec4c4199e95be30"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1909.04093","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1909.04093","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1909.04093v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1909.04093","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"43ZOLVDYUJMG","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"43ZOLVDYUJMGMFXV","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"43ZOLVDY","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ae182011edfe9f340b4f7022e02cff251e535cd150b870143fd04af6aaa8263a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1909.04093/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Protoplanetary discs (PPDs) in the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) are irradiated by UV fields from the massive star $\\theta^1$C. This drives thermal winds, inducing mass loss rates of up to $\\dot{M}_\\mathrm{wind}\\sim 10^{-7}\\,M_\\odot$/yr in the `proplyds' (ionised PPDs) close to the centre. For the mean age of the ONC and reasonable initial PPD masses, such mass loss rates imply that discs should have been dispersed. However, ~80% of stars still exhibit a NIR excess, suggesting that significant circumstellar mass remains. This `proplyd lifetime problem' has persisted since the discovery of photoev","authors_text":"Alvaro Hacar, Andrew J. Winter, Cathie J. Clarke, Giovanni P. Rosotti, Richard Alexander","cross_cats":["astro-ph.EP","astro-ph.GA"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2019-09-09T18:32:17Z","title":"A solution to the proplyd lifetime problem"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1909.04093","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9cd8232097fb9b1ef436fb66d3cef096a412801c22b3eeb00ef7954bfdff1552","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cb2b53ab1376926ab31caa7bb5feffd9ff6110fa41511a112f2d65e18d306181","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.EP","astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2019-09-09T18:32:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"61be298dc4809e2e8ae9eed354438fae1982b96964747c880ec4c4199e95be30"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1909.04093","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e6f2e5d478a2586616f54bb5b6bee9dff4ea453d23e64b0a15959f18000d3a2c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e6f2e5d478a2586616f54bb5b6bee9dff4ea453d23e64b0a15959f18000d3a2c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58.303093Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58.303093Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"csj1fIBYRosoXNhLA42Ehuszg81Gq8rULwenCjehO1LjhlAnfTDxYiTJXqwXQQXznY87BhZJupWtFJIQ5Yd3Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:06:58.303512Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1909.04093","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9cd8232097fb9b1ef436fb66d3cef096a412801c22b3eeb00ef7954bfdff1552","sha256:ae182011edfe9f340b4f7022e02cff251e535cd150b870143fd04af6aaa8263a"],"state_sha256":"7422a4e8ce600805f174709b76333674a8b5acb46cab9a7fd2783df6cd763225"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NC+D6H1o3Zl56QMWOlq96OJqfprPvXv2xJm2AEEQ4EKHQ3TgYeA04md3DbIwmZejhrSmF60Aq9pRBMcgeW4wBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:30:07.551164Z","bundle_sha256":"14e42ed8de4a1f7c33b910e8c453447213c4dedd18eafb2756aecfb6fe3ae4e6"}}