{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:44CUZK24KIOCP3B4GXCTHYLEIP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5d66f6ef129749ea1b00b617fdfe185d81beaded319be91156ff550dc73cb730","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2021-05-05T18:28:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"f6d5ae09215858343a10071e4cb59ac378f5d20b2bd383759e6fd1a10b90de2d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.02266","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.02266","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.02266v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.02266","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"44CUZK24KIOC","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"44CUZK24KIOCP3B4","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"44CUZK24","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4cc21a5636290bd5708f5d1cd0ea10f4e26d735aaf6e6fedd11b6822d2dcac65","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2105.02266/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we consider non-convex stochastic bilevel optimization (SBO) problems that have many applications in machine learning. Although numerous studies have proposed stochastic algorithms for solving these problems, they are limited in two perspectives: (i) their sample complexities are high, which do not match the state-of-the-art result for non-convex stochastic optimization; (ii) their algorithms are tailored to problems with only one lower-level problem. When there are many lower-level problems, it could be prohibitive to process all these lower-level problems at each iteration. To","authors_text":"Lijun Zhang, Quanqi Hu, Tianbao Yang, Zhishuai Guo","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2021-05-05T18:28:42Z","title":"Randomized Stochastic Variance-Reduced Methods for Multi-Task Stochastic Bilevel Optimization"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2105.02266","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e06f4795ece29f8095c282eef465fb706dcef576494ebc2d3dfdbeed2ff6a237","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5d66f6ef129749ea1b00b617fdfe185d81beaded319be91156ff550dc73cb730","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2021-05-05T18:28:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"f6d5ae09215858343a10071e4cb59ac378f5d20b2bd383759e6fd1a10b90de2d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.02266","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"e7054cab5c521c27ec3c35c533e16443e40383d24136ad2e5519ce05f665c7dc","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e7054cab5c521c27ec3c35c533e16443e40383d24136ad2e5519ce05f665c7dc","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:01.060701Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:01.060701Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"6ozfMYJTSE4Lh5DAm9WRcWO2rRE7U6xor0Fu7pAxe4t2Palre0Blga4BtjIl5HD0ItoN7c7YiLF/sYzioZHUAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:49:01.061203Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2105.02266","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e06f4795ece29f8095c282eef465fb706dcef576494ebc2d3dfdbeed2ff6a237","sha256:4cc21a5636290bd5708f5d1cd0ea10f4e26d735aaf6e6fedd11b6822d2dcac65"],"state_sha256":"77910d01915426991e1f6b3702b06089fdaa9925809d6cde2bb03dc704d50297"}