{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:44WV3LD2L5A6NN4JT4PNPKDKIG","short_pith_number":"pith:44WV3LD2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.08210","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-09-15T07:22:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"74fac0914e945c064c4ad10e26f5eb27bc60320a65303c547e17978d3479e4d2","abstract_canon_sha256":"3296d4ca523360b5f25ba858d19ada38ed72b5021b13548d1f7829a8a51f3d8c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e72d5dac7a5f41e6b7899f1ed7a86a41bfb2a1a7bd9c67801636907a063a7ccc","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2309.08210","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.08210","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.08210v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.08210","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"44WV3LD2L5A6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"44WV3LD2L5A6NN4J","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"44WV3LD2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:44WV3LD2L5A6NN4JT4PNPKDKIG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.08210","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-09-15T07:22:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"74fac0914e945c064c4ad10e26f5eb27bc60320a65303c547e17978d3479e4d2","abstract_canon_sha256":"3296d4ca523360b5f25ba858d19ada38ed72b5021b13548d1f7829a8a51f3d8c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e72d5dac7a5f41e6b7899f1ed7a86a41bfb2a1a7bd9c67801636907a063a7ccc","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03.563139Z","signature_b64":"baPNSzm2eBmK16BpV3Vsbl+GDGNMycB1xclUO80mZd9OcyCD00rQt7krYYNu6J3MWN4JgnDHujDlRCpqaUR7Bw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e72d5dac7a5f41e6b7899f1ed7a86a41bfb2a1a7bd9c67801636907a063a7ccc","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03.562650Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03.562650Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2309.08210","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NqmcAxpL6/yxFZmFKTxcYc4cE3r9aqgEto/3CAjjsOXNJRYcy5Zr5SNdo8YMQr32ty2B8Rp3MAq4s3JcCvJ9DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T22:55:00.622262Z"},"content_sha256":"82a6588abdeb32e77423695007bf63872144337f26359aa030556c784abb11f6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:82a6588abdeb32e77423695007bf63872144337f26359aa030556c784abb11f6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:44WV3LD2L5A6NN4JT4PNPKDKIG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Investigating Answerability of LLMs for Long-Form Question Answering","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Meghana Moorthy Bhat, Rui Meng, Semih Yavuz, Ye Liu, Yingbo Zhou","submitted_at":"2023-09-15T07:22:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"As we embark on a new era of LLMs, it becomes increasingly crucial to understand their capabilities, limitations, and differences. Toward making further progress in this direction, we strive to build a deeper understanding of the gaps between massive LLMs (e.g., ChatGPT) and smaller yet effective open-source LLMs and their distilled counterparts. To this end, we specifically focus on long-form question answering (LFQA) because it has several practical and impactful applications (e.g., troubleshooting, customer service, etc.) yet is still understudied and challenging for LLMs. We propose a ques"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.08210","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2309.08210/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rJUWn+l17zx9r5Miqa00s/FMxm7VUizcWrQUGL10Ue9SkhX3PBCsG4vNrxVZ61WJiJ9uQEtZGNR4Va0FkVKbAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T22:55:00.622824Z"},"content_sha256":"5940db81a1df1a1689ae1f6aef14d96e77bed5d95eb4c132dd9712fbb57aa321","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5940db81a1df1a1689ae1f6aef14d96e77bed5d95eb4c132dd9712fbb57aa321"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/44WV3LD2L5A6NN4JT4PNPKDKIG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/44WV3LD2L5A6NN4JT4PNPKDKIG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/44WV3LD2L5A6NN4JT4PNPKDKIG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-15T22:55:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/44WV3LD2L5A6NN4JT4PNPKDKIG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/44WV3LD2L5A6NN4JT4PNPKDKIG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/44WV3LD2L5A6NN4JT4PNPKDKIG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/44WV3LD2L5A6NN4JT4PNPKDKIG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:44WV3LD2L5A6NN4JT4PNPKDKIG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3296d4ca523360b5f25ba858d19ada38ed72b5021b13548d1f7829a8a51f3d8c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-09-15T07:22:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"74fac0914e945c064c4ad10e26f5eb27bc60320a65303c547e17978d3479e4d2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.08210","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.08210","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.08210v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.08210","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"44WV3LD2L5A6","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"44WV3LD2L5A6NN4J","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"44WV3LD2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5940db81a1df1a1689ae1f6aef14d96e77bed5d95eb4c132dd9712fbb57aa321","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2309.08210/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"As we embark on a new era of LLMs, it becomes increasingly crucial to understand their capabilities, limitations, and differences. Toward making further progress in this direction, we strive to build a deeper understanding of the gaps between massive LLMs (e.g., ChatGPT) and smaller yet effective open-source LLMs and their distilled counterparts. To this end, we specifically focus on long-form question answering (LFQA) because it has several practical and impactful applications (e.g., troubleshooting, customer service, etc.) yet is still understudied and challenging for LLMs. We propose a ques","authors_text":"Meghana Moorthy Bhat, Rui Meng, Semih Yavuz, Ye Liu, Yingbo Zhou","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-09-15T07:22:56Z","title":"Investigating Answerability of LLMs for Long-Form Question Answering"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.08210","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:82a6588abdeb32e77423695007bf63872144337f26359aa030556c784abb11f6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3296d4ca523360b5f25ba858d19ada38ed72b5021b13548d1f7829a8a51f3d8c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2023-09-15T07:22:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"74fac0914e945c064c4ad10e26f5eb27bc60320a65303c547e17978d3479e4d2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.08210","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e72d5dac7a5f41e6b7899f1ed7a86a41bfb2a1a7bd9c67801636907a063a7ccc","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e72d5dac7a5f41e6b7899f1ed7a86a41bfb2a1a7bd9c67801636907a063a7ccc","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03.562650Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03.562650Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"baPNSzm2eBmK16BpV3Vsbl+GDGNMycB1xclUO80mZd9OcyCD00rQt7krYYNu6J3MWN4JgnDHujDlRCpqaUR7Bw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:03.563139Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2309.08210","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:82a6588abdeb32e77423695007bf63872144337f26359aa030556c784abb11f6","sha256:5940db81a1df1a1689ae1f6aef14d96e77bed5d95eb4c132dd9712fbb57aa321"],"state_sha256":"8d80ac0b71d3f5e2561bf05d01c8b94276d613123451393d3f9b9d5a8c5d6040"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"x96q05Tk4nFhjTV2OJsceT3407jah5OXx9dsiMBYRZd55XI/DotqP7qKVVRRHMKnQtoXtpMYisAnnpm8/hdSBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T22:55:00.627780Z","bundle_sha256":"2c377e4bc6aba182a9b63b007f33cbbd5dceed8b36b7566ce131db81bd644a65"}}