{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2022:45NMXK2KSUJL3Z3QTE2MCEQ6RF","short_pith_number":"pith:45NMXK2K","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"e75acbab4a9512bde7709934c1121e8945c2b22b419515fb3604c260d1fb0cc3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2203.09713","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Lepton Asymmetric Universe","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Kai Murai, Masahiro Kawasaki","submitted_at":"2022-03-18T03:17:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"The recent observation of $^4$He implies that our universe has a large lepton asymmetry. We consider the Affleck-Dine (AD) mechanism for lepton number generation. In the AD mechanism, non-topological solitons called L-balls are produced, and the generated lepton number is confined in them. The L-balls protect the generated lepton number from being converted to baryon number through the sphaleron processes. We study the formation and evolution of the L-balls and find that the universe with large lepton asymmetry suggested by the recent $^4$He measurement can be realized."},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2203.09713","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2022-03-18T03:17:29Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO"],"title_canon_sha256":"f3175877d54e41e35be6f564de4ebf5ce7b6bc414c1eac7d0f03db9f030c110e","abstract_canon_sha256":"860b8ad80069df02c9492341a9aa476be60aeaad20917a98640c4de70cbd2629"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:12:28.074121Z","signature_b64":"m4vy6Pd85JUNRxubdn9OhfwT1x6GZn00QQqknrD6EyOaDly/9jhPqzk8rjSS3uSI/SGufO7MZL3rF0bWjr8VCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e75acbab4a9512bde7709934c1121e8945c2b22b419515fb3604c260d1fb0cc3","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:12:28.073619Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:12:28.073619Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Lepton Asymmetric Universe","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Kai Murai, Masahiro Kawasaki","submitted_at":"2022-03-18T03:17:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"The recent observation of $^4$He implies that our universe has a large lepton asymmetry. We consider the Affleck-Dine (AD) mechanism for lepton number generation. In the AD mechanism, non-topological solitons called L-balls are produced, and the generated lepton number is confined in them. The L-balls protect the generated lepton number from being converted to baryon number through the sphaleron processes. We study the formation and evolution of the L-balls and find that the universe with large lepton asymmetry suggested by the recent $^4$He measurement can be realized."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2203.09713","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2203.09713/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2203.09713","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:12:28.073679+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2203.09713v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:12:28.073679+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2203.09713","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:12:28.073679+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"45NMXK2KSUJL","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:12:28.073679+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"45NMXK2KSUJL3Z3Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:12:28.073679+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"45NMXK2K","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:12:28.073679+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":1,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2507.23354","citing_title":"Consistent $N_{\\rm eff}$ fitting in big bang nucleosynthesis analysis","ref_index":48,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/45NMXK2KSUJL3Z3QTE2MCEQ6RF","json":"https://pith.science/pith/45NMXK2KSUJL3Z3QTE2MCEQ6RF.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/45NMXK2KSUJL3Z3QTE2MCEQ6RF/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/45NMXK2KSUJL3Z3QTE2MCEQ6RF/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/45NMXK2K"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/45NMXK2KSUJL3Z3QTE2MCEQ6RF","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/45NMXK2KSUJL3Z3QTE2MCEQ6RF.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/45NMXK2K","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2203.09713&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/45NMXK2KSUJL3Z3QTE2MCEQ6RF/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/45NMXK2KSUJL3Z3QTE2MCEQ6RF/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/45NMXK2KSUJL3Z3QTE2MCEQ6RF/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/45NMXK2KSUJL3Z3QTE2MCEQ6RF/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/45NMXK2KSUJL3Z3QTE2MCEQ6RF/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/45NMXK2KSUJL3Z3QTE2MCEQ6RF/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/45NMXK2KSUJL3Z3QTE2MCEQ6RF/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:12:28.073679+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T05:12:28.073679+00:00"}