{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:45WENRU4KPNOJLW4BTNDSOVUVQ","short_pith_number":"pith:45WENRU4","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.02574","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.RO","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T16:59:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.SE"],"title_canon_sha256":"6b8452c633e4b9de2dea083046791082ab174c0ba9a8dca727472da91ec01c31","abstract_canon_sha256":"6a92ce900ad025b0865c1bb4727fb8c5caba67cae8b3fdd3a7c9265e9e2bde74"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e76c46c69c53dae4aedc0cda393ab4ac1a538770dafe573016bcee839be23bb8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2412.02574","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.02574","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.02574v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.02574","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"45WENRU4KPNO","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"45WENRU4KPNOJLW4","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"45WENRU4","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:45WENRU4KPNOJLW4BTNDSOVUVQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.02574","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.RO","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T16:59:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.SE"],"title_canon_sha256":"6b8452c633e4b9de2dea083046791082ab174c0ba9a8dca727472da91ec01c31","abstract_canon_sha256":"6a92ce900ad025b0865c1bb4727fb8c5caba67cae8b3fdd3a7c9265e9e2bde74"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e76c46c69c53dae4aedc0cda393ab4ac1a538770dafe573016bcee839be23bb8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51.876623Z","signature_b64":"Bhnh4/T7URcQ/MZkRv9urNciHQoUeb0jpg2VxoHD9SKtbShkD6crWf7prhJIhxCVmI/zwqC5OvMSL2roPuryBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e76c46c69c53dae4aedc0cda393ab4ac1a538770dafe573016bcee839be23bb8","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51.876151Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51.876151Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2412.02574","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"T5SUQMYQwJDGGxuJA+7SGKeLivODTjvdChxx+/gL7+XVhD6OlzEoiGdcik6gjFZfDNDLZbKpC+bFL5hXwfGdDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T04:06:25.754690Z"},"content_sha256":"a14554ead533db2bba1d5522959d09388ad5a573a755279e5db5c15027e2c180","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a14554ead533db2bba1d5522959d09388ad5a573a755279e5db5c15027e2c180"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:45WENRU4KPNOJLW4BTNDSOVUVQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Generating Critical Scenarios for Testing Automated Driving Systems","license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.SE"],"primary_cat":"cs.RO","authors_text":"Hieu Dinh Vo, Hong-Nam Duong, Son Nguyen, Thu-Trang Nguyen, Toshiaki Aoki, Trung-Hieu Nguyen, Truong-Giang Vuong","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T16:59:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have demonstrated significant potential in revolutionizing transportation, yet ensuring their safety and reliability remains a critical challenge, especially when exposed to dynamic and unpredictable environments. Real-world testing of an Autonomous Driving System (ADS) is both expensive and risky, making simulation-based testing a preferred approach. In this paper, we propose AVASTRA, a Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based approach to generate realistic critical scenarios for testing ADSs in simulation environments. To capture the complexity of driving scenarios, AVASTR"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.02574","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2412.02574/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"V3zLVsUYwJJuE5mIPubocUE5cFCZAUd7HD7xy9jWmHGXDQzmJZAU3Kp0DzAhI60gRhkMlqTSEt/upVZmbkhRDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T04:06:25.755194Z"},"content_sha256":"f222eb8a5f7407ad6e83ecd09e55b4591194d720275dd01a53122197b2a008f3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f222eb8a5f7407ad6e83ecd09e55b4591194d720275dd01a53122197b2a008f3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/45WENRU4KPNOJLW4BTNDSOVUVQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/45WENRU4KPNOJLW4BTNDSOVUVQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/45WENRU4KPNOJLW4BTNDSOVUVQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-20T04:06:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/45WENRU4KPNOJLW4BTNDSOVUVQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/45WENRU4KPNOJLW4BTNDSOVUVQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/45WENRU4KPNOJLW4BTNDSOVUVQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/45WENRU4KPNOJLW4BTNDSOVUVQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:45WENRU4KPNOJLW4BTNDSOVUVQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6a92ce900ad025b0865c1bb4727fb8c5caba67cae8b3fdd3a7c9265e9e2bde74","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.SE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.RO","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T16:59:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"6b8452c633e4b9de2dea083046791082ab174c0ba9a8dca727472da91ec01c31"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.02574","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.02574","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.02574v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.02574","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"45WENRU4KPNO","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"45WENRU4KPNOJLW4","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"45WENRU4","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f222eb8a5f7407ad6e83ecd09e55b4591194d720275dd01a53122197b2a008f3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2412.02574/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have demonstrated significant potential in revolutionizing transportation, yet ensuring their safety and reliability remains a critical challenge, especially when exposed to dynamic and unpredictable environments. Real-world testing of an Autonomous Driving System (ADS) is both expensive and risky, making simulation-based testing a preferred approach. In this paper, we propose AVASTRA, a Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based approach to generate realistic critical scenarios for testing ADSs in simulation environments. To capture the complexity of driving scenarios, AVASTR","authors_text":"Hieu Dinh Vo, Hong-Nam Duong, Son Nguyen, Thu-Trang Nguyen, Toshiaki Aoki, Trung-Hieu Nguyen, Truong-Giang Vuong","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.SE"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.RO","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T16:59:30Z","title":"Generating Critical Scenarios for Testing Automated Driving Systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.02574","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a14554ead533db2bba1d5522959d09388ad5a573a755279e5db5c15027e2c180","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6a92ce900ad025b0865c1bb4727fb8c5caba67cae8b3fdd3a7c9265e9e2bde74","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.SE"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.RO","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T16:59:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"6b8452c633e4b9de2dea083046791082ab174c0ba9a8dca727472da91ec01c31"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.02574","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e76c46c69c53dae4aedc0cda393ab4ac1a538770dafe573016bcee839be23bb8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e76c46c69c53dae4aedc0cda393ab4ac1a538770dafe573016bcee839be23bb8","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51.876151Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51.876151Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Bhnh4/T7URcQ/MZkRv9urNciHQoUeb0jpg2VxoHD9SKtbShkD6crWf7prhJIhxCVmI/zwqC5OvMSL2roPuryBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:43:51.876623Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2412.02574","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a14554ead533db2bba1d5522959d09388ad5a573a755279e5db5c15027e2c180","sha256:f222eb8a5f7407ad6e83ecd09e55b4591194d720275dd01a53122197b2a008f3"],"state_sha256":"f2aebe2bffe8531aec5a21e8216d092cbec90471a92d37c3a53840609819bc9f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uVXlLeGLwe23kAnqB3rctUlwvenJrBhI5DvTrJET9Ay0Nxg6Zw3/8bJpjmwId0bG3Cy6LW7oHZxhCHHOVOKYAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T04:06:25.760310Z","bundle_sha256":"e8f17adc4720306c3b5e1dd2e5e63a71afbeb74d58ee8102b4c8cde240b14067"}}