{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:46GFPDMOS5G43EMSCZJPZ3S6ZO","short_pith_number":"pith:46GFPDMO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1310.3923","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2013-10-15T05:50:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.supr-con"],"title_canon_sha256":"d2cf41590f8b492aaf455d2a9c13cf8f3f41e5504b79acc1f01867a793a8c86c","abstract_canon_sha256":"4bc2515d114142f1d16bf93682ae16155510699089729b497fddb6fc777b174a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e78c578d8e974dcd91921652fcee5ecb89881538b437728bb2fc04c635e46fd0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1310.3923","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1310.3923","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:04:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1310.3923v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:04:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1310.3923","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:04:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"46GFPDMOS5G4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"46GFPDMOS5G43EMS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"46GFPDMO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:46GFPDMOS5G43EMSCZJPZ3S6ZO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1310.3923","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2013-10-15T05:50:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.supr-con"],"title_canon_sha256":"d2cf41590f8b492aaf455d2a9c13cf8f3f41e5504b79acc1f01867a793a8c86c","abstract_canon_sha256":"4bc2515d114142f1d16bf93682ae16155510699089729b497fddb6fc777b174a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e78c578d8e974dcd91921652fcee5ecb89881538b437728bb2fc04c635e46fd0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:04:36.901380Z","signature_b64":"THE3+U9Sl2+L2sNkOVLZK4lhLfOzDpwRtlr/lqATpiGZCWyfckfAAkxcYYP5umpP1KsRI4Kv0G0XOGiHZNXiDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e78c578d8e974dcd91921652fcee5ecb89881538b437728bb2fc04c635e46fd0","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:04:36.900368Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:04:36.900368Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1310.3923","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:04:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"r4ORwnU+KBaMHclY6XnCGGxE+3CZ7lhtoAsIlz0K5lxzzDAgQrXwwdlDFOdMQCesKZ1ca15maGwCS/X1GxF0DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T02:27:31.320861Z"},"content_sha256":"e3d9bf5665f67f6c8f00f770ed59d3fbdc5636e7861b08ee5089796f54c2cd2e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e3d9bf5665f67f6c8f00f770ed59d3fbdc5636e7861b08ee5089796f54c2cd2e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:46GFPDMOS5G43EMSCZJPZ3S6ZO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Thermal rectification of electrons in hybrid normal metal-superconductor nanojunctions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.supr-con"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","authors_text":"F. Giazotto, F. S. Bergeret","submitted_at":"2013-10-15T05:50:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"We theoretically investigate heat transport in hybrid normal metal-superconductor (NS) nanojunctions focusing on the effect of thermal rectification. We show that the heat diode effect in the junction strongly depends on the transmissivity and the nature of the NS contact. Thermal rectification efficiency can reach up to 123% for a fully-transmissive ballistic junction and up to 84% in diffusive NS contacts. Both values exceed the rectification efficiency of a NIS tunnel junction (I stands for an insulator) by a factor close to 5 and 3, respectively. Furthermore, we show that for NS point-cont"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1310.3923","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:04:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0N86ix8uNs5c/nk8QEwL08OB7/+g7mlrjTooanC0+6zGWcVUFGdT77SMM/CRHFYQLjJqvVOTx030UGI0inSiBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T02:27:31.321209Z"},"content_sha256":"225190f8a76fcef0b6ece4f2047335ec9abed93363827d72e6dea00d7384bf8c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:225190f8a76fcef0b6ece4f2047335ec9abed93363827d72e6dea00d7384bf8c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/46GFPDMOS5G43EMSCZJPZ3S6ZO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/46GFPDMOS5G43EMSCZJPZ3S6ZO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/46GFPDMOS5G43EMSCZJPZ3S6ZO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T02:27:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/46GFPDMOS5G43EMSCZJPZ3S6ZO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/46GFPDMOS5G43EMSCZJPZ3S6ZO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/46GFPDMOS5G43EMSCZJPZ3S6ZO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/46GFPDMOS5G43EMSCZJPZ3S6ZO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:46GFPDMOS5G43EMSCZJPZ3S6ZO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4bc2515d114142f1d16bf93682ae16155510699089729b497fddb6fc777b174a","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.supr-con"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2013-10-15T05:50:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"d2cf41590f8b492aaf455d2a9c13cf8f3f41e5504b79acc1f01867a793a8c86c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1310.3923","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1310.3923","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:04:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1310.3923v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:04:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1310.3923","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:04:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"46GFPDMOS5G4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"46GFPDMOS5G43EMS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"46GFPDMO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:225190f8a76fcef0b6ece4f2047335ec9abed93363827d72e6dea00d7384bf8c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:04:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We theoretically investigate heat transport in hybrid normal metal-superconductor (NS) nanojunctions focusing on the effect of thermal rectification. We show that the heat diode effect in the junction strongly depends on the transmissivity and the nature of the NS contact. Thermal rectification efficiency can reach up to 123% for a fully-transmissive ballistic junction and up to 84% in diffusive NS contacts. Both values exceed the rectification efficiency of a NIS tunnel junction (I stands for an insulator) by a factor close to 5 and 3, respectively. Furthermore, we show that for NS point-cont","authors_text":"F. Giazotto, F. S. Bergeret","cross_cats":["cond-mat.supr-con"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2013-10-15T05:50:21Z","title":"Thermal rectification of electrons in hybrid normal metal-superconductor nanojunctions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1310.3923","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e3d9bf5665f67f6c8f00f770ed59d3fbdc5636e7861b08ee5089796f54c2cd2e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:04:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4bc2515d114142f1d16bf93682ae16155510699089729b497fddb6fc777b174a","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.supr-con"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mes-hall","submitted_at":"2013-10-15T05:50:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"d2cf41590f8b492aaf455d2a9c13cf8f3f41e5504b79acc1f01867a793a8c86c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1310.3923","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e78c578d8e974dcd91921652fcee5ecb89881538b437728bb2fc04c635e46fd0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e78c578d8e974dcd91921652fcee5ecb89881538b437728bb2fc04c635e46fd0","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:04:36.900368Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:04:36.900368Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"THE3+U9Sl2+L2sNkOVLZK4lhLfOzDpwRtlr/lqATpiGZCWyfckfAAkxcYYP5umpP1KsRI4Kv0G0XOGiHZNXiDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:04:36.901380Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1310.3923","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e3d9bf5665f67f6c8f00f770ed59d3fbdc5636e7861b08ee5089796f54c2cd2e","sha256:225190f8a76fcef0b6ece4f2047335ec9abed93363827d72e6dea00d7384bf8c"],"state_sha256":"0a14cf5f83c85d73c0eb832fdd2e3f55fd12743129fd5ba29768eb24aebfcee4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pMQ52ONG7PRKky0F7xMJ9crLaPEdsCHkMrm/z8tavSeQdUhsvcaX4a8vM/4bww6glRxVC7m7xxzLGLwEX2JYBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T02:27:31.323214Z","bundle_sha256":"7782980e6e22746799f39e071383a38bd392d995c43acff69aa429f3b5f25a6b"}}