{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:4AMNSZF6BMHZEIKUOM3MEHGIMQ","short_pith_number":"pith:4AMNSZF6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2003.02229","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2020-03-04T18:15:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.SY","eess.SP"],"title_canon_sha256":"fae6a4708484e564246959231ee86402f6908563c451c4f2a3246b06a9ee66ef","abstract_canon_sha256":"a42df79810b1933b997731d28f2bfae32f17b1ce58a54aeac532233980507df6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e018d964be0b0f9221547336c21cc8643316705e3bfc59088bb08304537f288d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2003.02229","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2003.02229","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2003.02229v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2003.02229","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4AMNSZF6BMHZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4AMNSZF6BMHZEIKU","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4AMNSZF6","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:4AMNSZF6BMHZEIKUOM3MEHGIMQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2003.02229","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2020-03-04T18:15:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.SY","eess.SP"],"title_canon_sha256":"fae6a4708484e564246959231ee86402f6908563c451c4f2a3246b06a9ee66ef","abstract_canon_sha256":"a42df79810b1933b997731d28f2bfae32f17b1ce58a54aeac532233980507df6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e018d964be0b0f9221547336c21cc8643316705e3bfc59088bb08304537f288d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25.600256Z","signature_b64":"0Ophil3AxXIvutFdyggthXe603bvPvYG7WJRul5yuS6gZEPnmlv/qz7EGf0l3zJ3F7LeREDrXtd65qXNtB5YBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e018d964be0b0f9221547336c21cc8643316705e3bfc59088bb08304537f288d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25.599849Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25.599849Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2003.02229","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8kX9fuQE8oisbYY5Y28iNeRH6JG6lwuFI1mKHVuUoJMGAJljKHZQwEW6/WXhgo4IR9imCgwyVX4IiQw5rG9ACw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T15:38:44.799997Z"},"content_sha256":"1adee8ded04bd3311a040082e031ec60cf6efcb5be29b5b8f241515bcb68f95e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1adee8ded04bd3311a040082e031ec60cf6efcb5be29b5b8f241515bcb68f95e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:4AMNSZF6BMHZEIKUOM3MEHGIMQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Detection of False Data Injection Attacks Using the Autoencoder Approach","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.SY","eess.SP"],"primary_cat":"eess.SY","authors_text":"Chenguang Wang, Kaikai Pan, Peter Palensky, Simon Tindemans","submitted_at":"2020-03-04T18:15:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"State estimation is of considerable significance for the power system operation and control. However, well-designed false data injection attacks can utilize blind spots in conventional residual-based bad data detection methods to manipulate measurements in a coordinated manner and thus affect the secure operation and economic dispatch of grids. In this paper, we propose a detection approach based on an autoencoder neural network. By training the network on the dependencies intrinsic in 'normal' operation data, it effectively overcomes the challenge of unbalanced training data that is inherent "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2003.02229","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2003.02229/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Zx2P2MvjryLpgDsjOZcJi5WueCAzzC3tSotxxz/OWZ2TlGk3/rnfxIlrpYmNvr3FgtYgy1qbMpHD2f6as27jDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T15:38:44.800888Z"},"content_sha256":"9741e10ab845a4da2fb643d0ee8fbbdd5a49e46e936aad6c71df9182acd74b3a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9741e10ab845a4da2fb643d0ee8fbbdd5a49e46e936aad6c71df9182acd74b3a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4AMNSZF6BMHZEIKUOM3MEHGIMQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4AMNSZF6BMHZEIKUOM3MEHGIMQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4AMNSZF6BMHZEIKUOM3MEHGIMQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-03T15:38:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4AMNSZF6BMHZEIKUOM3MEHGIMQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4AMNSZF6BMHZEIKUOM3MEHGIMQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4AMNSZF6BMHZEIKUOM3MEHGIMQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4AMNSZF6BMHZEIKUOM3MEHGIMQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:4AMNSZF6BMHZEIKUOM3MEHGIMQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a42df79810b1933b997731d28f2bfae32f17b1ce58a54aeac532233980507df6","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.SY","eess.SP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2020-03-04T18:15:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"fae6a4708484e564246959231ee86402f6908563c451c4f2a3246b06a9ee66ef"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2003.02229","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2003.02229","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2003.02229v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2003.02229","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4AMNSZF6BMHZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4AMNSZF6BMHZEIKU","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4AMNSZF6","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9741e10ab845a4da2fb643d0ee8fbbdd5a49e46e936aad6c71df9182acd74b3a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2003.02229/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"State estimation is of considerable significance for the power system operation and control. However, well-designed false data injection attacks can utilize blind spots in conventional residual-based bad data detection methods to manipulate measurements in a coordinated manner and thus affect the secure operation and economic dispatch of grids. In this paper, we propose a detection approach based on an autoencoder neural network. By training the network on the dependencies intrinsic in 'normal' operation data, it effectively overcomes the challenge of unbalanced training data that is inherent ","authors_text":"Chenguang Wang, Kaikai Pan, Peter Palensky, Simon Tindemans","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.SY","eess.SP"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2020-03-04T18:15:45Z","title":"Detection of False Data Injection Attacks Using the Autoencoder Approach"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2003.02229","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1adee8ded04bd3311a040082e031ec60cf6efcb5be29b5b8f241515bcb68f95e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a42df79810b1933b997731d28f2bfae32f17b1ce58a54aeac532233980507df6","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.SY","eess.SP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SY","submitted_at":"2020-03-04T18:15:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"fae6a4708484e564246959231ee86402f6908563c451c4f2a3246b06a9ee66ef"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2003.02229","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"e018d964be0b0f9221547336c21cc8643316705e3bfc59088bb08304537f288d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e018d964be0b0f9221547336c21cc8643316705e3bfc59088bb08304537f288d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25.599849Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25.599849Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"0Ophil3AxXIvutFdyggthXe603bvPvYG7WJRul5yuS6gZEPnmlv/qz7EGf0l3zJ3F7LeREDrXtd65qXNtB5YBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:25:25.600256Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2003.02229","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1adee8ded04bd3311a040082e031ec60cf6efcb5be29b5b8f241515bcb68f95e","sha256:9741e10ab845a4da2fb643d0ee8fbbdd5a49e46e936aad6c71df9182acd74b3a"],"state_sha256":"a25b1d6753b97f56645edf979563bdbf61266f0637638d01581f2d0f1efd917c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+EoA5vj2hrE9d8clEXv+Olw/m5qKJSGQ6TKKFiyU18FoZCUTUO0arzNQY3F+STKPNtVNv4hM8eRu0kZnaTwuAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T15:38:44.826314Z","bundle_sha256":"9b2fc02868f2513d5b68af59f412658c6b5fa7d912758b08ee2ae14c2489af25"}}