{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:4DDRSXECA6IRH7C67UP3JNOU6D","short_pith_number":"pith:4DDRSXEC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1404.4468","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2014-04-17T10:03:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LO"],"title_canon_sha256":"ac23cc78d9fb1fc1ba04132c78776d00b34cfb5d13b3fac01fa65da4485add97","abstract_canon_sha256":"428e1d60cdd1a7d6be96cf81fffa943b95dc8c58652f103367788a1a3382a80d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e0c7195c82079113fc5efd1fb4b5d4f0d2dbebecb9af0c3626729e149a940969","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1404.4468","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1404.4468","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:54:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1404.4468v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:54:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1404.4468","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:54:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4DDRSXECA6IR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4DDRSXECA6IRH7C6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4DDRSXEC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:4DDRSXECA6IRH7C67UP3JNOU6D","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1404.4468","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2014-04-17T10:03:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LO"],"title_canon_sha256":"ac23cc78d9fb1fc1ba04132c78776d00b34cfb5d13b3fac01fa65da4485add97","abstract_canon_sha256":"428e1d60cdd1a7d6be96cf81fffa943b95dc8c58652f103367788a1a3382a80d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e0c7195c82079113fc5efd1fb4b5d4f0d2dbebecb9af0c3626729e149a940969","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:54:04.279419Z","signature_b64":"rIk93WFY4Itd330nSev03SS6Xmbhkny0iKhHz7KZJGCcGH3AjhEU92YkzpNMneuQwft4XFtsEC7ovJezS4ApAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e0c7195c82079113fc5efd1fb4b5d4f0d2dbebecb9af0c3626729e149a940969","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:54:04.278769Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:54:04.278769Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1404.4468","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:54:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5dQWrbZuOl66OU/0aBjfHCfSH1InjVv2rApQcx9MZANS1Lr3c61CRxj02wCFMukVfqrFYn9wVvAVJWiU92CNBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T15:35:04.091499Z"},"content_sha256":"fd61c1e08da86aaeebdaadf81226d431e1d9bf0270265d5dcd3258d05df0b4c6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fd61c1e08da86aaeebdaadf81226d431e1d9bf0270265d5dcd3258d05df0b4c6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:4DDRSXECA6IRH7C67UP3JNOU6D","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On Independence Atoms and Keys","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LO"],"primary_cat":"cs.DB","authors_text":"Juha Kontinen, Miika Hannula, Sebastian Link","submitted_at":"2014-04-17T10:03:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"Uniqueness and independence are two fundamental properties of data. Their enforcement in database systems can lead to higher quality data, faster data service response time, better data-driven decision making and knowledge discovery from data. The applications can be effectively unlocked by providing efficient solutions to the underlying implication problems of keys and independence atoms. Indeed, for the sole class of keys and the sole class of independence atoms the associated finite and general implication problems coincide and enjoy simple axiomatizations. However, the situation changes dr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1404.4468","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:54:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qN3DAypaRiDbi/mT8n/dSDx/kBC/x211NehNGWacMLeDeur6DqYCB793MbAIR55dp23GbDQ8nzWqZAjnrr6ODw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T15:35:04.091846Z"},"content_sha256":"51189329f8e290f01c86ab1a47aa3596a08e5f5ae51512bce2c73740d2653c4b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:51189329f8e290f01c86ab1a47aa3596a08e5f5ae51512bce2c73740d2653c4b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4DDRSXECA6IRH7C67UP3JNOU6D/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4DDRSXECA6IRH7C67UP3JNOU6D/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4DDRSXECA6IRH7C67UP3JNOU6D/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-24T15:35:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4DDRSXECA6IRH7C67UP3JNOU6D","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4DDRSXECA6IRH7C67UP3JNOU6D/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4DDRSXECA6IRH7C67UP3JNOU6D/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4DDRSXECA6IRH7C67UP3JNOU6D/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:4DDRSXECA6IRH7C67UP3JNOU6D","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"428e1d60cdd1a7d6be96cf81fffa943b95dc8c58652f103367788a1a3382a80d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2014-04-17T10:03:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"ac23cc78d9fb1fc1ba04132c78776d00b34cfb5d13b3fac01fa65da4485add97"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1404.4468","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1404.4468","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:54:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1404.4468v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:54:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1404.4468","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:54:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4DDRSXECA6IR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4DDRSXECA6IRH7C6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4DDRSXEC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:51189329f8e290f01c86ab1a47aa3596a08e5f5ae51512bce2c73740d2653c4b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:54:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Uniqueness and independence are two fundamental properties of data. Their enforcement in database systems can lead to higher quality data, faster data service response time, better data-driven decision making and knowledge discovery from data. The applications can be effectively unlocked by providing efficient solutions to the underlying implication problems of keys and independence atoms. Indeed, for the sole class of keys and the sole class of independence atoms the associated finite and general implication problems coincide and enjoy simple axiomatizations. However, the situation changes dr","authors_text":"Juha Kontinen, Miika Hannula, Sebastian Link","cross_cats":["cs.LO"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2014-04-17T10:03:24Z","title":"On Independence Atoms and Keys"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1404.4468","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fd61c1e08da86aaeebdaadf81226d431e1d9bf0270265d5dcd3258d05df0b4c6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:54:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"428e1d60cdd1a7d6be96cf81fffa943b95dc8c58652f103367788a1a3382a80d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LO"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2014-04-17T10:03:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"ac23cc78d9fb1fc1ba04132c78776d00b34cfb5d13b3fac01fa65da4485add97"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1404.4468","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e0c7195c82079113fc5efd1fb4b5d4f0d2dbebecb9af0c3626729e149a940969","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e0c7195c82079113fc5efd1fb4b5d4f0d2dbebecb9af0c3626729e149a940969","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:54:04.278769Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:54:04.278769Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rIk93WFY4Itd330nSev03SS6Xmbhkny0iKhHz7KZJGCcGH3AjhEU92YkzpNMneuQwft4XFtsEC7ovJezS4ApAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:54:04.279419Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1404.4468","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fd61c1e08da86aaeebdaadf81226d431e1d9bf0270265d5dcd3258d05df0b4c6","sha256:51189329f8e290f01c86ab1a47aa3596a08e5f5ae51512bce2c73740d2653c4b"],"state_sha256":"6d433cfa13c600f81b89674676b9619c9a240e6a9524bec081400438f55ab452"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bot3q1op/Zw7BzPsfpReEuecQQe7lkqk497k3aNOPTMdXACL7RY3b3cnGZIjzryVRL6GOr4Bzn+si/diz5P5Bw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T15:35:04.093777Z","bundle_sha256":"15e942bcce42cc5a3684fda5d98136475ecbada687dfdaccfe5c4ed12622411c"}}