{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:4EWJMUMJXZ4FQNZ5FVXJ3LX4NZ","short_pith_number":"pith:4EWJMUMJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.02935","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-04-03T02:52:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"86b35b32ca3ecddac9c8c68f1cec3aa361fe383486ce73b0325087d3d137364f","abstract_canon_sha256":"11360bcf9a0ee5b2ae029e2fe7dfee72bc914fad1f88722718f1d3c4b4a761a3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e12c965189be7858373d2d6e9daefc6e5621ab2e2be87a92dbccd2627e2bb8e3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2404.02935","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.02935","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.02935v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.02935","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4EWJMUMJXZ4F","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4EWJMUMJXZ4FQNZ5","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4EWJMUMJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:4EWJMUMJXZ4FQNZ5FVXJ3LX4NZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.02935","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-04-03T02:52:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"86b35b32ca3ecddac9c8c68f1cec3aa361fe383486ce73b0325087d3d137364f","abstract_canon_sha256":"11360bcf9a0ee5b2ae029e2fe7dfee72bc914fad1f88722718f1d3c4b4a761a3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e12c965189be7858373d2d6e9daefc6e5621ab2e2be87a92dbccd2627e2bb8e3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03.652466Z","signature_b64":"5PFtpSIgO5D4Lw8LNWNJcMqiiF8psLy3pAdKhbOrf9UsUgm3aS93KMAzfmXZioSAmFmI9vUNJ1UuaFLvSCg0Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e12c965189be7858373d2d6e9daefc6e5621ab2e2be87a92dbccd2627e2bb8e3","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03.651954Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03.651954Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2404.02935","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JxOzgi4IDlPsIiy+OFp616UThisNLQhhJr+gjcypOg49xL0hFt3VsNVLygsVGIsIa0kE8FCVliWXcnX/1J8DDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T09:36:03.101749Z"},"content_sha256":"51185f9c045cc00665f31f50d2b8eb246df94276c09601c3153eb4f24cd4a6bf","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:51185f9c045cc00665f31f50d2b8eb246df94276c09601c3153eb4f24cd4a6bf"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:4EWJMUMJXZ4FQNZ5FVXJ3LX4NZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"KnowHalu: Hallucination Detection via Multi-Form Knowledge Based Factual Checking","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Bo Li, Chejian Xu, Dawn Song, Freddy Lecue, Jiawei Zhang, Yu Gai","submitted_at":"2024-04-03T02:52:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper introduces KnowHalu, a novel approach for detecting hallucinations in text generated by large language models (LLMs), utilizing step-wise reasoning, multi-formulation query, multi-form knowledge for factual checking, and fusion-based detection mechanism. As LLMs are increasingly applied across various domains, ensuring that their outputs are not hallucinated is critical. Recognizing the limitations of existing approaches that either rely on the self-consistency check of LLMs or perform post-hoc fact-checking without considering the complexity of queries or the form of knowledge, Kno"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.02935","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2404.02935/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"lM7H2/bwXxj8uBEIYzw3cQNjuPAvju7BheJbWo64oJI3ytXLMFnrb31MANzviOrpWcuPomPhtf5a4IlJr8C5Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T09:36:03.102086Z"},"content_sha256":"8071bd0f031405de64720ed381b10021e2e6c6e64454663348de6fbb32822df2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8071bd0f031405de64720ed381b10021e2e6c6e64454663348de6fbb32822df2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4EWJMUMJXZ4FQNZ5FVXJ3LX4NZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4EWJMUMJXZ4FQNZ5FVXJ3LX4NZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4EWJMUMJXZ4FQNZ5FVXJ3LX4NZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-14T09:36:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4EWJMUMJXZ4FQNZ5FVXJ3LX4NZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4EWJMUMJXZ4FQNZ5FVXJ3LX4NZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4EWJMUMJXZ4FQNZ5FVXJ3LX4NZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4EWJMUMJXZ4FQNZ5FVXJ3LX4NZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:4EWJMUMJXZ4FQNZ5FVXJ3LX4NZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"11360bcf9a0ee5b2ae029e2fe7dfee72bc914fad1f88722718f1d3c4b4a761a3","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-04-03T02:52:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"86b35b32ca3ecddac9c8c68f1cec3aa361fe383486ce73b0325087d3d137364f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.02935","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.02935","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.02935v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.02935","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4EWJMUMJXZ4F","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4EWJMUMJXZ4FQNZ5","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4EWJMUMJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8071bd0f031405de64720ed381b10021e2e6c6e64454663348de6fbb32822df2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2404.02935/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper introduces KnowHalu, a novel approach for detecting hallucinations in text generated by large language models (LLMs), utilizing step-wise reasoning, multi-formulation query, multi-form knowledge for factual checking, and fusion-based detection mechanism. As LLMs are increasingly applied across various domains, ensuring that their outputs are not hallucinated is critical. Recognizing the limitations of existing approaches that either rely on the self-consistency check of LLMs or perform post-hoc fact-checking without considering the complexity of queries or the form of knowledge, Kno","authors_text":"Bo Li, Chejian Xu, Dawn Song, Freddy Lecue, Jiawei Zhang, Yu Gai","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-04-03T02:52:07Z","title":"KnowHalu: Hallucination Detection via Multi-Form Knowledge Based Factual Checking"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.02935","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:51185f9c045cc00665f31f50d2b8eb246df94276c09601c3153eb4f24cd4a6bf","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"11360bcf9a0ee5b2ae029e2fe7dfee72bc914fad1f88722718f1d3c4b4a761a3","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-04-03T02:52:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"86b35b32ca3ecddac9c8c68f1cec3aa361fe383486ce73b0325087d3d137364f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.02935","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e12c965189be7858373d2d6e9daefc6e5621ab2e2be87a92dbccd2627e2bb8e3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e12c965189be7858373d2d6e9daefc6e5621ab2e2be87a92dbccd2627e2bb8e3","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03.651954Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03.651954Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"5PFtpSIgO5D4Lw8LNWNJcMqiiF8psLy3pAdKhbOrf9UsUgm3aS93KMAzfmXZioSAmFmI9vUNJ1UuaFLvSCg0Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:04:03.652466Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2404.02935","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:51185f9c045cc00665f31f50d2b8eb246df94276c09601c3153eb4f24cd4a6bf","sha256:8071bd0f031405de64720ed381b10021e2e6c6e64454663348de6fbb32822df2"],"state_sha256":"351e9001734f99896614535f91483650cfd030a9b47d772419d153a9e30f3f2f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bUn6JQ+LNwXfisVVMo1LRvEvQFF93mOVdLxpOTuwPCFeinyy0VL3FPTKTueBBAGI3B7/W+BrnXVhJm36MkNYDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T09:36:03.104607Z","bundle_sha256":"6d5c681c5bbea4855f57c8f1dc340e675005db13a0f1e5479ed4714685674743"}}