{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:4F4FRA65VTYS6LRDBKDZUHKINA","short_pith_number":"pith:4F4FRA65","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2002.02534","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2020-02-05T12:55:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM","cs.LG","hep-ex"],"title_canon_sha256":"872f18a5f79a0886073472de04b55ec194232ab9ecdb0424da7d98270ef8d452","abstract_canon_sha256":"78275ed212c216b38747937c7ea236e1f23c80d06283a85c4578890148376f7a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e1785883ddacf12f2e230a879a1d486819d3a0c9fbf4f23b7a8d18da01640e95","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2002.02534","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2002.02534","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2002.02534v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2002.02534","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4F4FRA65VTYS","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4F4FRA65VTYS6LRD","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4F4FRA65","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:4F4FRA65VTYS6LRDBKDZUHKINA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2002.02534","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2020-02-05T12:55:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM","cs.LG","hep-ex"],"title_canon_sha256":"872f18a5f79a0886073472de04b55ec194232ab9ecdb0424da7d98270ef8d452","abstract_canon_sha256":"78275ed212c216b38747937c7ea236e1f23c80d06283a85c4578890148376f7a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e1785883ddacf12f2e230a879a1d486819d3a0c9fbf4f23b7a8d18da01640e95","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57.554229Z","signature_b64":"9X46s2AzD8tjRXMfnjezhnDlgZ2sZ30k7yzzM/wuGXrwtR2wxuLJ28VRvKM1GJnTnbQEKNr15TVOB5nO0uTYDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e1785883ddacf12f2e230a879a1d486819d3a0c9fbf4f23b7a8d18da01640e95","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57.553827Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57.553827Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2002.02534","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"E4r4hhKkGncEwZNUTA3ldCkXo6NRc+4qLMR3Ef5WdjWuvkZ2rZTwynWoc2VCtghyNLPjjiLGiA3fdYRdtOl4DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T03:07:23.523362Z"},"content_sha256":"c829d81d378552263d749bc760225a535dbd87e672f0b9173022e21a1876cce6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c829d81d378552263d749bc760225a535dbd87e672f0b9173022e21a1876cce6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:4F4FRA65VTYS6LRDBKDZUHKINA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Fast inference of Boosted Decision Trees in FPGAs for particle physics","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.IM","cs.LG","hep-ex"],"primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","authors_text":"Duc Hoang, Dylan Rankin, Edward Kreinar, Giuseppe Di Guglielmo, Javier Duarte, Jennifer Ngadiuba, Maurizio Pierini, Nhan Tran, Philip Harris, Sergo Jindariani, Sioni Summers, Vladimir Loncar, Zhenbin Wu","submitted_at":"2020-02-05T12:55:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"We describe the implementation of Boosted Decision Trees in the hls4ml library, which allows the translation of a trained model into FPGA firmware through an automated conversion process. Thanks to its fully on-chip implementation, hls4ml performs inference of Boosted Decision Tree models with extremely low latency. With a typical latency less than 100 ns, this solution is suitable for FPGA-based real-time processing, such as in the Level-1 Trigger system of a collider experiment. These developments open up prospects for physicists to deploy BDTs in FPGAs for identifying the origin of jets, be"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2002.02534","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2002.02534/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"K/BRGBM8AiGuWjYgBZYkKrah8Y3tY1nzFU7zBee5wcgmZwg/ZyxYP6EO5Bi0q+Ubc3SJuuw4MhRjUJy0JlTsCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T03:07:23.523942Z"},"content_sha256":"c2085045f2fd3ac6a1a16bf6d2fd15af99c7743f4b7065a697d1bfce95bdda10","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c2085045f2fd3ac6a1a16bf6d2fd15af99c7743f4b7065a697d1bfce95bdda10"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4F4FRA65VTYS6LRDBKDZUHKINA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4F4FRA65VTYS6LRDBKDZUHKINA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4F4FRA65VTYS6LRDBKDZUHKINA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T03:07:23Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4F4FRA65VTYS6LRDBKDZUHKINA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4F4FRA65VTYS6LRDBKDZUHKINA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4F4FRA65VTYS6LRDBKDZUHKINA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4F4FRA65VTYS6LRDBKDZUHKINA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:4F4FRA65VTYS6LRDBKDZUHKINA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"78275ed212c216b38747937c7ea236e1f23c80d06283a85c4578890148376f7a","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM","cs.LG","hep-ex"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2020-02-05T12:55:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"872f18a5f79a0886073472de04b55ec194232ab9ecdb0424da7d98270ef8d452"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2002.02534","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2002.02534","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2002.02534v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2002.02534","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4F4FRA65VTYS","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4F4FRA65VTYS6LRD","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4F4FRA65","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c2085045f2fd3ac6a1a16bf6d2fd15af99c7743f4b7065a697d1bfce95bdda10","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2002.02534/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We describe the implementation of Boosted Decision Trees in the hls4ml library, which allows the translation of a trained model into FPGA firmware through an automated conversion process. Thanks to its fully on-chip implementation, hls4ml performs inference of Boosted Decision Tree models with extremely low latency. With a typical latency less than 100 ns, this solution is suitable for FPGA-based real-time processing, such as in the Level-1 Trigger system of a collider experiment. These developments open up prospects for physicists to deploy BDTs in FPGAs for identifying the origin of jets, be","authors_text":"Duc Hoang, Dylan Rankin, Edward Kreinar, Giuseppe Di Guglielmo, Javier Duarte, Jennifer Ngadiuba, Maurizio Pierini, Nhan Tran, Philip Harris, Sergo Jindariani, Sioni Summers, Vladimir Loncar, Zhenbin Wu","cross_cats":["astro-ph.IM","cs.LG","hep-ex"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2020-02-05T12:55:28Z","title":"Fast inference of Boosted Decision Trees in FPGAs for particle physics"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2002.02534","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c829d81d378552263d749bc760225a535dbd87e672f0b9173022e21a1876cce6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"78275ed212c216b38747937c7ea236e1f23c80d06283a85c4578890148376f7a","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.IM","cs.LG","hep-ex"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2020-02-05T12:55:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"872f18a5f79a0886073472de04b55ec194232ab9ecdb0424da7d98270ef8d452"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2002.02534","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"e1785883ddacf12f2e230a879a1d486819d3a0c9fbf4f23b7a8d18da01640e95","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e1785883ddacf12f2e230a879a1d486819d3a0c9fbf4f23b7a8d18da01640e95","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57.553827Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57.553827Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9X46s2AzD8tjRXMfnjezhnDlgZ2sZ30k7yzzM/wuGXrwtR2wxuLJ28VRvKM1GJnTnbQEKNr15TVOB5nO0uTYDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:10:57.554229Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2002.02534","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c829d81d378552263d749bc760225a535dbd87e672f0b9173022e21a1876cce6","sha256:c2085045f2fd3ac6a1a16bf6d2fd15af99c7743f4b7065a697d1bfce95bdda10"],"state_sha256":"57e94f5345c2312e48422e0e00d2528c717ef94e6238cf3d73a2f4aebb9c51ab"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"i+2EZqrH8Pazk2J06DwpOTxslEHoaFJWOeRxOGHKE1utZ4F0yq6jB/s+8T6IgrTigftmti6yQwnkdyGmmsMmAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T03:07:23.529036Z","bundle_sha256":"ad432c60c0db00ed6942f4180eed42a0711ca8a11d3d106fd681012817e07cd7"}}