{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:4GDEBSFYMRSXGGGSF7O52JPCHU","short_pith_number":"pith:4GDEBSFY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1905.02213","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2019-05-06T18:00:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"68240e5702136ee70e5a52657bb6bb276b60c07eafa6e7d5d4f94f289078e792","abstract_canon_sha256":"5b6e7b30294fd839e64764803a76e5075ba7561d105da3273071790e716ff6ef"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e18640c8b864657318d22fdddd25e23d3ec45e4d2ab2a1103faee6c8cbf6ead8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1905.02213","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1905.02213","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1905.02213v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1905.02213","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4GDEBSFYMRSX","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4GDEBSFYMRSXGGGS","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4GDEBSFY","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:4GDEBSFYMRSXGGGSF7O52JPCHU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1905.02213","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2019-05-06T18:00:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"68240e5702136ee70e5a52657bb6bb276b60c07eafa6e7d5d4f94f289078e792","abstract_canon_sha256":"5b6e7b30294fd839e64764803a76e5075ba7561d105da3273071790e716ff6ef"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e18640c8b864657318d22fdddd25e23d3ec45e4d2ab2a1103faee6c8cbf6ead8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27.081383Z","signature_b64":"L9rDLDoTwTT44ICI4X0ky8dcDuCB+vcrxdOAdR2LK7e8cBwzyVJCrGfddc5+ssIRfcBVocnuxtbRfft2Oyv5Bg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e18640c8b864657318d22fdddd25e23d3ec45e4d2ab2a1103faee6c8cbf6ead8","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27.080880Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27.080880Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1905.02213","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Uy+1vhhfylrXqlitOLFit5w+6pmMQ3+kDAtfwD8MpO7HPc0DnVFUqBB2MrQSY66nJYLxDW0y+1i6UMQ9XBPZDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T06:21:41.721100Z"},"content_sha256":"812f38ee9a555db610573459477cd3d9671564d0cc5a4c459eba4ec4bbec8dad","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:812f38ee9a555db610573459477cd3d9671564d0cc5a4c459eba4ec4bbec8dad"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:4GDEBSFYMRSXGGGSF7O52JPCHU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Probing Axions with Event Horizon Telescope Polarimetric Measurements","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Jing Shu, Qiang Yuan, Xiao Xue, Yifan Chen, Yue Zhao","submitted_at":"2019-05-06T18:00:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"With high spatial resolution, polarimetric imaging of a supermassive black hole, like M87$^\\star$ or Sgr A$^\\star$, by the Event Horizon Telescope can be used to probe the existence of ultralight bosonic particles, such as axions. Such particles can accumulate around a rotating black hole through the superradiance mechanism, forming an axion cloud. When linearly polarized photons are emitted from an accretion disk near the horizon, their position angles oscillate due to the birefringent effect when traveling through the axion background. In particular, the observations of supermassive black ho"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1905.02213","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1905.02213/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"be35qsq26Qct5i0sHdYug0Gx7wLTnk17nc5ZMkYR9pdPmxYzRXJys27Zw8CkrSbanOLhKFLsN+ZSKTqTo8s7Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T06:21:41.721603Z"},"content_sha256":"2842ef9fddfa15669bc01a4fbfa072aca5b6aa3a03ba627de5ae1129876bded9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2842ef9fddfa15669bc01a4fbfa072aca5b6aa3a03ba627de5ae1129876bded9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4GDEBSFYMRSXGGGSF7O52JPCHU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4GDEBSFYMRSXGGGSF7O52JPCHU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4GDEBSFYMRSXGGGSF7O52JPCHU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T06:21:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4GDEBSFYMRSXGGGSF7O52JPCHU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4GDEBSFYMRSXGGGSF7O52JPCHU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4GDEBSFYMRSXGGGSF7O52JPCHU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4GDEBSFYMRSXGGGSF7O52JPCHU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:4GDEBSFYMRSXGGGSF7O52JPCHU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5b6e7b30294fd839e64764803a76e5075ba7561d105da3273071790e716ff6ef","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2019-05-06T18:00:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"68240e5702136ee70e5a52657bb6bb276b60c07eafa6e7d5d4f94f289078e792"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1905.02213","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1905.02213","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1905.02213v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1905.02213","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4GDEBSFYMRSX","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4GDEBSFYMRSXGGGS","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4GDEBSFY","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2842ef9fddfa15669bc01a4fbfa072aca5b6aa3a03ba627de5ae1129876bded9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1905.02213/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"With high spatial resolution, polarimetric imaging of a supermassive black hole, like M87$^\\star$ or Sgr A$^\\star$, by the Event Horizon Telescope can be used to probe the existence of ultralight bosonic particles, such as axions. Such particles can accumulate around a rotating black hole through the superradiance mechanism, forming an axion cloud. When linearly polarized photons are emitted from an accretion disk near the horizon, their position angles oscillate due to the birefringent effect when traveling through the axion background. In particular, the observations of supermassive black ho","authors_text":"Jing Shu, Qiang Yuan, Xiao Xue, Yifan Chen, Yue Zhao","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2019-05-06T18:00:04Z","title":"Probing Axions with Event Horizon Telescope Polarimetric Measurements"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1905.02213","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:812f38ee9a555db610573459477cd3d9671564d0cc5a4c459eba4ec4bbec8dad","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5b6e7b30294fd839e64764803a76e5075ba7561d105da3273071790e716ff6ef","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2019-05-06T18:00:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"68240e5702136ee70e5a52657bb6bb276b60c07eafa6e7d5d4f94f289078e792"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1905.02213","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"e18640c8b864657318d22fdddd25e23d3ec45e4d2ab2a1103faee6c8cbf6ead8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e18640c8b864657318d22fdddd25e23d3ec45e4d2ab2a1103faee6c8cbf6ead8","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27.080880Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27.080880Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"L9rDLDoTwTT44ICI4X0ky8dcDuCB+vcrxdOAdR2LK7e8cBwzyVJCrGfddc5+ssIRfcBVocnuxtbRfft2Oyv5Bg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:41:27.081383Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1905.02213","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:812f38ee9a555db610573459477cd3d9671564d0cc5a4c459eba4ec4bbec8dad","sha256:2842ef9fddfa15669bc01a4fbfa072aca5b6aa3a03ba627de5ae1129876bded9"],"state_sha256":"28b86a8c0200bcd87074ea21564e931dbd569d7a928ca52917f7482d9a9e8528"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NfhmBV5jM4Pu/9WvKkBgj9v+WSXEFLhtKSoWYTODckAXUq9lmt82UXgcpB4iNKmIEHt8Ohu7PNqNJRwD1wIJCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T06:21:41.725326Z","bundle_sha256":"2a71cd5fb00f6137048b955e588bdf1e977c3069190d64826c2b2c92855fecec"}}