{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2022:4GF7ZMKVY2YJUFQQMPLXD2J5QE","short_pith_number":"pith:4GF7ZMKV","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"e18bfcb155c6b09a161063d771e93d810b6dc3845b9d1aaa693fa48e31a39362","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2210.02473","version":3},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Almost all extremal black holes in AdS are singular","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Gary T. Horowitz, Jorge E. Santos, Maciej Kolanowski","submitted_at":"2022-10-05T18:00:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the geometry near the horizon of a generic, four-dimensional extremal black hole. When the cosmological constant is negative, we show that (in almost all cases) tidal forces diverge as one crosses the horizon, and this singularity is stronger for larger black holes. In particular, this applies to generic nonspherical black holes, such as those satisfying inhomogeneous boundary conditions. Nevertheless, all scalar curvature invariants remain finite. Moreover, we show that nonextremal black holes have tidal forces that diverge in the extremal limit. Holographically, this singulari"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2210.02473","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2022-10-05T18:00:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"27be4b98a593eefc698f0faecd9788e554c5ba16f545a3f02b1914d4251ac45a","abstract_canon_sha256":"8a2f5f418606a99467c3a39e428ea310f74ddee1fbdb7f086a256cdca5723c29"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:29.762686Z","signature_b64":"eIMkn5pRwQ+AA9nGOaZNqpg56Cq6kdX4jH3DOWCJ1/2rKsuPog5nCppOQnNBIwogwcmTaqqtEk6HeZWkOWqJDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e18bfcb155c6b09a161063d771e93d810b6dc3845b9d1aaa693fa48e31a39362","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:29.762145Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:29.762145Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Almost all extremal black holes in AdS are singular","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Gary T. Horowitz, Jorge E. Santos, Maciej Kolanowski","submitted_at":"2022-10-05T18:00:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the geometry near the horizon of a generic, four-dimensional extremal black hole. When the cosmological constant is negative, we show that (in almost all cases) tidal forces diverge as one crosses the horizon, and this singularity is stronger for larger black holes. In particular, this applies to generic nonspherical black holes, such as those satisfying inhomogeneous boundary conditions. Nevertheless, all scalar curvature invariants remain finite. Moreover, we show that nonextremal black holes have tidal forces that diverge in the extremal limit. Holographically, this singulari"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.02473","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2210.02473/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.02473","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:29.762209+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.02473v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:29.762209+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.02473","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:29.762209+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4GF7ZMKVY2YJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:29.762209+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4GF7ZMKVY2YJUFQQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:29.762209+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4GF7ZMKV","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:29.762209+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":5,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.26263","citing_title":"Charged and rotating near-horizon geometries in five dimensions","ref_index":46,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.30411","citing_title":"Axions Create Singularities on Extremal Horizons","ref_index":42,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2506.15798","citing_title":"Charged, rotating black holes in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory","ref_index":69,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.01811","citing_title":"Bertotti-Robinson and Bonnor-Melvin universes in nonlinear electrodynamics","ref_index":40,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.18675","citing_title":"All-order fluctuating hydrodynamics of the SYK lattice","ref_index":106,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/4GF7ZMKVY2YJUFQQMPLXD2J5QE","json":"https://pith.science/pith/4GF7ZMKVY2YJUFQQMPLXD2J5QE.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4GF7ZMKVY2YJUFQQMPLXD2J5QE/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4GF7ZMKVY2YJUFQQMPLXD2J5QE/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/4GF7ZMKV"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/4GF7ZMKVY2YJUFQQMPLXD2J5QE","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/4GF7ZMKVY2YJUFQQMPLXD2J5QE.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/4GF7ZMKV","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2210.02473&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4GF7ZMKVY2YJUFQQMPLXD2J5QE/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4GF7ZMKVY2YJUFQQMPLXD2J5QE/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/4GF7ZMKVY2YJUFQQMPLXD2J5QE/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/4GF7ZMKVY2YJUFQQMPLXD2J5QE/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/4GF7ZMKVY2YJUFQQMPLXD2J5QE/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/4GF7ZMKVY2YJUFQQMPLXD2J5QE/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/4GF7ZMKVY2YJUFQQMPLXD2J5QE/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:29.762209+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:29.762209+00:00"}