{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:4GVQHPB2E2P6YMJYURIUAGGQBT","short_pith_number":"pith:4GVQHPB2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2603.26165","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2026-03-27T08:32:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a623015c05ae07ad486575ae3501dcea9b8c219161ee15ea357ec8ebc58e2dae","abstract_canon_sha256":"a56ac3b2b24314580e27526a9cdab986ffdf279f0a565580a1836570c4b2de31"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e1ab03bc3a269fec3138a4514018d00ce7d0f1a2fa16417401467ed07c5b24b2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2603.26165","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2603.26165","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2603.26165v1","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2603.26165","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4GVQHPB2E2P6","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4GVQHPB2E2P6YMJY","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4GVQHPB2","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:4GVQHPB2E2P6YMJYURIUAGGQBT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2603.26165","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2026-03-27T08:32:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a623015c05ae07ad486575ae3501dcea9b8c219161ee15ea357ec8ebc58e2dae","abstract_canon_sha256":"a56ac3b2b24314580e27526a9cdab986ffdf279f0a565580a1836570c4b2de31"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e1ab03bc3a269fec3138a4514018d00ce7d0f1a2fa16417401467ed07c5b24b2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32.210197Z","signature_b64":"T6q/U3PyCZuLo0aK40vG2ddcFVrXtNW1RS7JjG5IikGoNp1/hZX/wE3eBvnfI1XkYZeEsXtnVWyRF3gW092iDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e1ab03bc3a269fec3138a4514018d00ce7d0f1a2fa16417401467ed07c5b24b2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32.209248Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32.209248Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2603.26165","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EE9zaIQuyIAcHN4kCzPJt/aNs1kPj22l0195QVrQHGwy7Emwp7Z0O2rdtsyYSXJk4SjPSiz5Rl1NyDx2Pyl4DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T16:01:05.081740Z"},"content_sha256":"28b2b55e2564ca64f62d345b29cfbd4c707005c475420bc20889f18ed7854695","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:28b2b55e2564ca64f62d345b29cfbd4c707005c475420bc20889f18ed7854695"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:4GVQHPB2E2P6YMJYURIUAGGQBT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Error Growth Dynamic and Predictability of Tropical Cyclone in Machine Learning Weather Prediction Model","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","authors_text":"Hao Li, Jie Feng, Jingchen Pu, Mu Mu","submitted_at":"2026-03-27T08:32:37Z","abstract_excerpt":"Predictability analysis, which focuses on perturbation growth dynamic, is a key problem in both weather and climate prediction. Among all perturbations, the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) leads to maximum uncertainties in forecasts, which is fundamentally important for theoretical studies and applications. Traditionally, CNOPs are solved through iterative optimization of numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. Their large computational demands pose significant challenges to long-term predictability analysis. In our study, using a fast and accurate Artificial intelligence"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2603.26165","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2603.26165/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TsQkLQraDZoKbeojm19qNANnSsLsI4VEky/pDEt0VdBZOwcUPDEE1e34XEtTk4Yglk0pvOF8ezC/MSslQmjfCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T16:01:05.082129Z"},"content_sha256":"cf392dfbf81c10b66b1b034e92888888ac22451ff733ad6978098bab4a6112d6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cf392dfbf81c10b66b1b034e92888888ac22451ff733ad6978098bab4a6112d6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4GVQHPB2E2P6YMJYURIUAGGQBT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4GVQHPB2E2P6YMJYURIUAGGQBT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4GVQHPB2E2P6YMJYURIUAGGQBT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T16:01:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4GVQHPB2E2P6YMJYURIUAGGQBT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4GVQHPB2E2P6YMJYURIUAGGQBT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4GVQHPB2E2P6YMJYURIUAGGQBT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4GVQHPB2E2P6YMJYURIUAGGQBT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:4GVQHPB2E2P6YMJYURIUAGGQBT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a56ac3b2b24314580e27526a9cdab986ffdf279f0a565580a1836570c4b2de31","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2026-03-27T08:32:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"a623015c05ae07ad486575ae3501dcea9b8c219161ee15ea357ec8ebc58e2dae"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2603.26165","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2603.26165","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2603.26165v1","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2603.26165","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4GVQHPB2E2P6","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4GVQHPB2E2P6YMJY","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4GVQHPB2","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cf392dfbf81c10b66b1b034e92888888ac22451ff733ad6978098bab4a6112d6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2603.26165/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Predictability analysis, which focuses on perturbation growth dynamic, is a key problem in both weather and climate prediction. Among all perturbations, the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) leads to maximum uncertainties in forecasts, which is fundamentally important for theoretical studies and applications. Traditionally, CNOPs are solved through iterative optimization of numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. Their large computational demands pose significant challenges to long-term predictability analysis. In our study, using a fast and accurate Artificial intelligence","authors_text":"Hao Li, Jie Feng, Jingchen Pu, Mu Mu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2026-03-27T08:32:37Z","title":"Error Growth Dynamic and Predictability of Tropical Cyclone in Machine Learning Weather Prediction Model"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2603.26165","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:28b2b55e2564ca64f62d345b29cfbd4c707005c475420bc20889f18ed7854695","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a56ac3b2b24314580e27526a9cdab986ffdf279f0a565580a1836570c4b2de31","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ao-ph","submitted_at":"2026-03-27T08:32:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"a623015c05ae07ad486575ae3501dcea9b8c219161ee15ea357ec8ebc58e2dae"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2603.26165","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e1ab03bc3a269fec3138a4514018d00ce7d0f1a2fa16417401467ed07c5b24b2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e1ab03bc3a269fec3138a4514018d00ce7d0f1a2fa16417401467ed07c5b24b2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32.209248Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32.209248Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"T6q/U3PyCZuLo0aK40vG2ddcFVrXtNW1RS7JjG5IikGoNp1/hZX/wE3eBvnfI1XkYZeEsXtnVWyRF3gW092iDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-28T01:22:32.210197Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2603.26165","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:28b2b55e2564ca64f62d345b29cfbd4c707005c475420bc20889f18ed7854695","sha256:cf392dfbf81c10b66b1b034e92888888ac22451ff733ad6978098bab4a6112d6"],"state_sha256":"1a0562bd9a9bf985c104e0d56251091b26543cc629d9037950feb568f3abc78a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/e+rHrjrTTkCMVnrK23Keeqavy/pa6RDu88KxiAKW/kmTt1gaujUIffWqBuzDxb+OYTz/2eO1wXCkJuaZXUuBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T16:01:05.084597Z","bundle_sha256":"8c168a3f5f04f91a7f2f3b26c4b338bb94b3f8b91564cd6a2fbd686269e91322"}}