{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:4HRCZXGP23AM3IBZ57PEY6J4BH","short_pith_number":"pith:4HRCZXGP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2210.06970","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-13T12:48:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IR"],"title_canon_sha256":"c7af21d14b413c8c511096d4ea5375f020a2922dbfa78f5e3cfad3e4b01defb3","abstract_canon_sha256":"d125ae5acdc30633378fd513d2fd36c958a128eec5bbd6976058989af7f11b32"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e1e22cdccfd6c0cda039efde4c793c09f12e05c73b6e24a2a6964e42bf24a728","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2210.06970","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.06970","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.06970v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.06970","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4HRCZXGP23AM","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4HRCZXGP23AM3IBZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4HRCZXGP","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:4HRCZXGP23AM3IBZ57PEY6J4BH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2210.06970","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-13T12:48:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IR"],"title_canon_sha256":"c7af21d14b413c8c511096d4ea5375f020a2922dbfa78f5e3cfad3e4b01defb3","abstract_canon_sha256":"d125ae5acdc30633378fd513d2fd36c958a128eec5bbd6976058989af7f11b32"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e1e22cdccfd6c0cda039efde4c793c09f12e05c73b6e24a2a6964e42bf24a728","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23.066877Z","signature_b64":"utC0fu3c/nTVMQ9O80tVgI2Um8O9YqkDfftCqSBDKx6dLq3//XyfZiisq9ipaqr2WDGhPSFpKRAuKrP1qQPvBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e1e22cdccfd6c0cda039efde4c793c09f12e05c73b6e24a2a6964e42bf24a728","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23.066486Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23.066486Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2210.06970","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mv6jV1qYO1/iyElnftv10fmY42pCFS1N1zHf6WCGcvLcB+ocNL2KV2oC7ex0YtG30ed3WQupbTtIf9jxRhn9AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T06:00:35.308551Z"},"content_sha256":"3a3c029653eba4c4a3c44243f77e28bb9b27051900bab20554d680a1d30fc950","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3a3c029653eba4c4a3c44243f77e28bb9b27051900bab20554d680a1d30fc950"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:4HRCZXGP23AM3IBZ57PEY6J4BH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Differential Bias: On the Perceptibility of Stance Imbalance in Argumentation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.IR"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Alonso Palomino, Benno Stein, Khalid Al-Khatib, Martin Potthast","submitted_at":"2022-10-13T12:48:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"Most research on natural language processing treats bias as an absolute concept: Based on a (probably complex) algorithmic analysis, a sentence, an article, or a text is classified as biased or not. Given the fact that for humans the question of whether a text is biased can be difficult to answer or is answered contradictory, we ask whether an \"absolute bias classification\" is a promising goal at all. We see the problem not in the complexity of interpreting language phenomena but in the diversity of sociocultural backgrounds of the readers, which cannot be handled uniformly: To decide whether "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.06970","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2210.06970/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UcCrxYV1IsI65F0WFc5hxEe1MsSYORHrvKYGTwAtvaXzqy3ONXCY7i+mO/1Yp8zjEJ1hAauMvRXQEBVwRKogBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T06:00:35.309085Z"},"content_sha256":"5f8befb7517e2ed7beab55c235485e86dc0f753daad1459610fb9561613b1260","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5f8befb7517e2ed7beab55c235485e86dc0f753daad1459610fb9561613b1260"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4HRCZXGP23AM3IBZ57PEY6J4BH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4HRCZXGP23AM3IBZ57PEY6J4BH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4HRCZXGP23AM3IBZ57PEY6J4BH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-09T06:00:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4HRCZXGP23AM3IBZ57PEY6J4BH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4HRCZXGP23AM3IBZ57PEY6J4BH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4HRCZXGP23AM3IBZ57PEY6J4BH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4HRCZXGP23AM3IBZ57PEY6J4BH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:4HRCZXGP23AM3IBZ57PEY6J4BH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d125ae5acdc30633378fd513d2fd36c958a128eec5bbd6976058989af7f11b32","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-13T12:48:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"c7af21d14b413c8c511096d4ea5375f020a2922dbfa78f5e3cfad3e4b01defb3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.06970","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.06970","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.06970v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.06970","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4HRCZXGP23AM","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4HRCZXGP23AM3IBZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4HRCZXGP","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5f8befb7517e2ed7beab55c235485e86dc0f753daad1459610fb9561613b1260","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2210.06970/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Most research on natural language processing treats bias as an absolute concept: Based on a (probably complex) algorithmic analysis, a sentence, an article, or a text is classified as biased or not. Given the fact that for humans the question of whether a text is biased can be difficult to answer or is answered contradictory, we ask whether an \"absolute bias classification\" is a promising goal at all. We see the problem not in the complexity of interpreting language phenomena but in the diversity of sociocultural backgrounds of the readers, which cannot be handled uniformly: To decide whether ","authors_text":"Alonso Palomino, Benno Stein, Khalid Al-Khatib, Martin Potthast","cross_cats":["cs.IR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-13T12:48:07Z","title":"Differential Bias: On the Perceptibility of Stance Imbalance in Argumentation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.06970","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3a3c029653eba4c4a3c44243f77e28bb9b27051900bab20554d680a1d30fc950","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d125ae5acdc30633378fd513d2fd36c958a128eec5bbd6976058989af7f11b32","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-10-13T12:48:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"c7af21d14b413c8c511096d4ea5375f020a2922dbfa78f5e3cfad3e4b01defb3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.06970","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e1e22cdccfd6c0cda039efde4c793c09f12e05c73b6e24a2a6964e42bf24a728","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e1e22cdccfd6c0cda039efde4c793c09f12e05c73b6e24a2a6964e42bf24a728","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23.066486Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23.066486Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"utC0fu3c/nTVMQ9O80tVgI2Um8O9YqkDfftCqSBDKx6dLq3//XyfZiisq9ipaqr2WDGhPSFpKRAuKrP1qQPvBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:06:23.066877Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2210.06970","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3a3c029653eba4c4a3c44243f77e28bb9b27051900bab20554d680a1d30fc950","sha256:5f8befb7517e2ed7beab55c235485e86dc0f753daad1459610fb9561613b1260"],"state_sha256":"4ae9c21627c9ded011fae2f77d7442189883ad006cf2f9aa7d0a80d2ab10ae7c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hn8ilyAFmdxm7uWSGJTYQSDHkKKWk6VS66BGDb9GDXCrBzRcR/5xPIa14zOYKx/gKUanXUCQvcFm/ZjKG/yiDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-09T06:00:35.312225Z","bundle_sha256":"8f05a31353880dd4428a08b4c370317ff90ba5238aea967369b3a8d4ed2df77e"}}