{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:4HVVNCQYWLGWZBY4MSBK3VVTPF","short_pith_number":"pith:4HVVNCQY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.05242","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-05-08T13:42:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7159fc7487f186b3980f84882c06bf76b82280db6a86cbca78db23a4cd001372","abstract_canon_sha256":"ed6169a76e7bdeae9823f417b9049f40ba4a2f1ba8542d44b84d93f05d493cc2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e1eb568a18b2cd6c871c6482add6b379430fb69a36d1f5222090a085c9bace0f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2505.05242","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.05242","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.05242v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.05242","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4HVVNCQYWLGW","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4HVVNCQYWLGWZBY4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4HVVNCQY","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:4HVVNCQYWLGWZBY4MSBK3VVTPF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2505.05242","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-05-08T13:42:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7159fc7487f186b3980f84882c06bf76b82280db6a86cbca78db23a4cd001372","abstract_canon_sha256":"ed6169a76e7bdeae9823f417b9049f40ba4a2f1ba8542d44b84d93f05d493cc2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e1eb568a18b2cd6c871c6482add6b379430fb69a36d1f5222090a085c9bace0f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21.271959Z","signature_b64":"txxBIDX5jyBXOcC4+RR10BDsVhZN28jX40PYYuyHMiln7Mi+REhv8+IhRoD9OuQqz+GHQM1LnLNwKnr3MGNUAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e1eb568a18b2cd6c871c6482add6b379430fb69a36d1f5222090a085c9bace0f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21.271389Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21.271389Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2505.05242","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Od5PGXTaRQ8ccK7UuDTJSNEtgPQLRfoWWQzKY+/HJW+REX4yEEBB3YuFfvgyvuMEb2J5uC6QX93pME4T0oQWAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T22:36:13.284898Z"},"content_sha256":"b4b985a8f6af43ba3c9a0545595f5480bf0935f6ad1aba8092d1b9424f64edf9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b4b985a8f6af43ba3c9a0545595f5480bf0935f6ad1aba8092d1b9424f64edf9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:4HVVNCQYWLGWZBY4MSBK3VVTPF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Enhancing Treatment Effect Estimation via Active Learning: A Counterfactual Covering Perspective","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Hechuan Wen, Hongzhi Yin, Li Kheng Chai, Mingming Gong, Shazia Sadiq, Tong Chen","submitted_at":"2025-05-08T13:42:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"Although numerous complex algorithms for treatment effect estimation have been developed in recent years, their effectiveness remains limited when handling insufficiently labeled training sets due to the high cost of labeling the effect after treatment, e.g., expensive tumor imaging or biopsy procedures needed to evaluate treatment effects. Therefore, it becomes essential to actively incorporate more high-quality labeled data, all while adhering to a constrained labeling budget. To enable data-efficient treatment effect estimation, we formalize the problem through rigorous theoretical analysis"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.05242","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2505.05242/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qR14cj1YTkjWmt9s2soTERBrS1ei9q2TelP4HrS6UzKl/NBm0zALEo3rP8CIMdIBeQtBoEl+K+BHeUURc2IUCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T22:36:13.285809Z"},"content_sha256":"ab3ffb9d701aed7b830669a01bae457617029bb944b57ab7ae991b48bc8139b9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ab3ffb9d701aed7b830669a01bae457617029bb944b57ab7ae991b48bc8139b9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4HVVNCQYWLGWZBY4MSBK3VVTPF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4HVVNCQYWLGWZBY4MSBK3VVTPF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4HVVNCQYWLGWZBY4MSBK3VVTPF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T22:36:13Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4HVVNCQYWLGWZBY4MSBK3VVTPF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4HVVNCQYWLGWZBY4MSBK3VVTPF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4HVVNCQYWLGWZBY4MSBK3VVTPF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4HVVNCQYWLGWZBY4MSBK3VVTPF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:4HVVNCQYWLGWZBY4MSBK3VVTPF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ed6169a76e7bdeae9823f417b9049f40ba4a2f1ba8542d44b84d93f05d493cc2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-05-08T13:42:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"7159fc7487f186b3980f84882c06bf76b82280db6a86cbca78db23a4cd001372"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.05242","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2505.05242","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2505.05242v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2505.05242","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4HVVNCQYWLGW","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4HVVNCQYWLGWZBY4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4HVVNCQY","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ab3ffb9d701aed7b830669a01bae457617029bb944b57ab7ae991b48bc8139b9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2505.05242/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Although numerous complex algorithms for treatment effect estimation have been developed in recent years, their effectiveness remains limited when handling insufficiently labeled training sets due to the high cost of labeling the effect after treatment, e.g., expensive tumor imaging or biopsy procedures needed to evaluate treatment effects. Therefore, it becomes essential to actively incorporate more high-quality labeled data, all while adhering to a constrained labeling budget. To enable data-efficient treatment effect estimation, we formalize the problem through rigorous theoretical analysis","authors_text":"Hechuan Wen, Hongzhi Yin, Li Kheng Chai, Mingming Gong, Shazia Sadiq, Tong Chen","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-05-08T13:42:00Z","title":"Enhancing Treatment Effect Estimation via Active Learning: A Counterfactual Covering Perspective"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.05242","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b4b985a8f6af43ba3c9a0545595f5480bf0935f6ad1aba8092d1b9424f64edf9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ed6169a76e7bdeae9823f417b9049f40ba4a2f1ba8542d44b84d93f05d493cc2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-05-08T13:42:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"7159fc7487f186b3980f84882c06bf76b82280db6a86cbca78db23a4cd001372"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2505.05242","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e1eb568a18b2cd6c871c6482add6b379430fb69a36d1f5222090a085c9bace0f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e1eb568a18b2cd6c871c6482add6b379430fb69a36d1f5222090a085c9bace0f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21.271389Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21.271389Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"txxBIDX5jyBXOcC4+RR10BDsVhZN28jX40PYYuyHMiln7Mi+REhv8+IhRoD9OuQqz+GHQM1LnLNwKnr3MGNUAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:00:21.271959Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2505.05242","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b4b985a8f6af43ba3c9a0545595f5480bf0935f6ad1aba8092d1b9424f64edf9","sha256:ab3ffb9d701aed7b830669a01bae457617029bb944b57ab7ae991b48bc8139b9"],"state_sha256":"7d96e477dd067e8ba3ed43080bdae51164082255cb703ca8b78a0c37c7e04d92"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xjKQHrgA5G7BAMeNVMSHuL6SxvuL2ZZC4xMaXkM7QA8MIuBPA38JhB4KyP1ghgDH3OMCcooEKDoomTya1D80DA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T22:36:13.291484Z","bundle_sha256":"f783a01cfae9e5b26ed35d57b7b070cdf5849b0622488937ea11181df7850128"}}