{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:4JHI6WX4W7ZHFJEGGJ7T2OYINU","short_pith_number":"pith:4JHI6WX4","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1904.08899","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2019-04-18T17:18:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"069f9518db765c8a08fde5350da81685eeb51bd89e44643d34e5964c48195086","abstract_canon_sha256":"eac0e5180429ebf9c5e308a6179f70db12143d7740435fb9816c0c6c5c202fa9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e24e8f5afcb7f272a486327f3d3b086d392431c354c94e1ff32a31602a524561","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1904.08899","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1904.08899","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1904.08899v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1904.08899","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4JHI6WX4W7ZH","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4JHI6WX4W7ZHFJEG","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4JHI6WX4","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:4JHI6WX4W7ZHFJEGGJ7T2OYINU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1904.08899","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2019-04-18T17:18:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"069f9518db765c8a08fde5350da81685eeb51bd89e44643d34e5964c48195086","abstract_canon_sha256":"eac0e5180429ebf9c5e308a6179f70db12143d7740435fb9816c0c6c5c202fa9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e24e8f5afcb7f272a486327f3d3b086d392431c354c94e1ff32a31602a524561","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47.600103Z","signature_b64":"uA0WGOTnYxfWlC+Bx2so7e2IjRMb6w475R7buBKoK+dYv/n/MDTjWrqT8CeThMEI5F4G+iuNjArNB+R5nlGXAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e24e8f5afcb7f272a486327f3d3b086d392431c354c94e1ff32a31602a524561","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47.599653Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47.599653Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1904.08899","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fKOwJX2253t0wS+GMjWgnPgtdGgMNAC/n+ZpxxKvZY//iyJM8otBufDsjJY5/8k3egD27DvHwd/Bol7vm/NbBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T23:27:03.935842Z"},"content_sha256":"a4cbfcbb118cda2d88fb0ed6d5a9df00b626eda1e95d4d1d73dcb515c4ce002a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a4cbfcbb118cda2d88fb0ed6d5a9df00b626eda1e95d4d1d73dcb515c4ce002a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:4JHI6WX4W7ZHFJEGGJ7T2OYINU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Non-ideal MHD simulation of HL Tau disk: formation of rings","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.SR"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"James M. Stone, Kengo Tomida, Lile Wang, Satoshi Okuzumi, Xiao Hu, Xue-Ning Bai, Zhaohuan Zhu","submitted_at":"2019-04-18T17:18:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recent high resolution observations unveil ring structures in circumstellar disks. The origin of these rings has been widely investigated under various theoretical scenarios. In this work we perform global 3D non-ideal MHD simulations including effects from both Ohmic resistivity and ambipolar diffusion (AD) to model the HL Tau disk. The non-ideal MHD diffusion profiles are calculated based on the global dust evolution calculation including sintering effects. Disk ionization structure changes dramatically across the snow line due to the change of dust size distribution close to snow line of ma"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1904.08899","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1904.08899/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"m21uxPIWRPleCAkaPEMPxWLyA9AyAZO7ZUb/DHoOh+Esz6V4iSCCPuIlfV8kziA2BesPivGqYAk2fkSYIMP1Cg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T23:27:03.936361Z"},"content_sha256":"f042467bcda4fe3b9afca39c2b2222c55c090ffda113d37a0b6d4c90c5747f20","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f042467bcda4fe3b9afca39c2b2222c55c090ffda113d37a0b6d4c90c5747f20"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4JHI6WX4W7ZHFJEGGJ7T2OYINU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4JHI6WX4W7ZHFJEGGJ7T2OYINU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4JHI6WX4W7ZHFJEGGJ7T2OYINU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-18T23:27:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4JHI6WX4W7ZHFJEGGJ7T2OYINU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4JHI6WX4W7ZHFJEGGJ7T2OYINU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4JHI6WX4W7ZHFJEGGJ7T2OYINU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4JHI6WX4W7ZHFJEGGJ7T2OYINU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:4JHI6WX4W7ZHFJEGGJ7T2OYINU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"eac0e5180429ebf9c5e308a6179f70db12143d7740435fb9816c0c6c5c202fa9","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2019-04-18T17:18:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"069f9518db765c8a08fde5350da81685eeb51bd89e44643d34e5964c48195086"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1904.08899","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1904.08899","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1904.08899v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1904.08899","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4JHI6WX4W7ZH","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4JHI6WX4W7ZHFJEG","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4JHI6WX4","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f042467bcda4fe3b9afca39c2b2222c55c090ffda113d37a0b6d4c90c5747f20","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1904.08899/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recent high resolution observations unveil ring structures in circumstellar disks. The origin of these rings has been widely investigated under various theoretical scenarios. In this work we perform global 3D non-ideal MHD simulations including effects from both Ohmic resistivity and ambipolar diffusion (AD) to model the HL Tau disk. The non-ideal MHD diffusion profiles are calculated based on the global dust evolution calculation including sintering effects. Disk ionization structure changes dramatically across the snow line due to the change of dust size distribution close to snow line of ma","authors_text":"James M. Stone, Kengo Tomida, Lile Wang, Satoshi Okuzumi, Xiao Hu, Xue-Ning Bai, Zhaohuan Zhu","cross_cats":["astro-ph.SR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2019-04-18T17:18:20Z","title":"Non-ideal MHD simulation of HL Tau disk: formation of rings"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1904.08899","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a4cbfcbb118cda2d88fb0ed6d5a9df00b626eda1e95d4d1d73dcb515c4ce002a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"eac0e5180429ebf9c5e308a6179f70db12143d7740435fb9816c0c6c5c202fa9","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.SR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2019-04-18T17:18:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"069f9518db765c8a08fde5350da81685eeb51bd89e44643d34e5964c48195086"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1904.08899","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"e24e8f5afcb7f272a486327f3d3b086d392431c354c94e1ff32a31602a524561","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e24e8f5afcb7f272a486327f3d3b086d392431c354c94e1ff32a31602a524561","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47.599653Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47.599653Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"uA0WGOTnYxfWlC+Bx2so7e2IjRMb6w475R7buBKoK+dYv/n/MDTjWrqT8CeThMEI5F4G+iuNjArNB+R5nlGXAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:15:47.600103Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1904.08899","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a4cbfcbb118cda2d88fb0ed6d5a9df00b626eda1e95d4d1d73dcb515c4ce002a","sha256:f042467bcda4fe3b9afca39c2b2222c55c090ffda113d37a0b6d4c90c5747f20"],"state_sha256":"8734d2a34c1fcc6fa64477cdff63aafb17ff6298703b887303e85b50745f586d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Sv9GnQJ3X4RX1Kk9bgN47A7Y2Ioq5LI0ev37HiaxhvpnQmy1ucEwghw2dPSysN+T5/dNRshEvJZtuoNpRLZoBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T23:27:03.941270Z","bundle_sha256":"26852795737551d08e0234b04c088af82254a700c9120ae78bcdf8edfd2f7854"}}