{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:4JP7VXONGXKWBU74VS7CUFD3RV","short_pith_number":"pith:4JP7VXON","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1405.7367","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2014-05-28T20:00:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"69d9ca44b9b4de34aee88afc83d0eb44b6047a8b5ae0f0eacfb59fd65de5e06a","abstract_canon_sha256":"dc7d8f2aecc86ff6e2a4819574fda7e06d55e674a24f61f690c8b90b795fb860"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e25ffaddcd35d560d3fcacbe2a147b8d72fda9e341d6a72092a13fb8143d9896","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1405.7367","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1405.7367","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1405.7367v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1405.7367","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4JP7VXONGXKW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4JP7VXONGXKWBU74","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4JP7VXON","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:4JP7VXONGXKWBU74VS7CUFD3RV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1405.7367","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2014-05-28T20:00:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"69d9ca44b9b4de34aee88afc83d0eb44b6047a8b5ae0f0eacfb59fd65de5e06a","abstract_canon_sha256":"dc7d8f2aecc86ff6e2a4819574fda7e06d55e674a24f61f690c8b90b795fb860"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e25ffaddcd35d560d3fcacbe2a147b8d72fda9e341d6a72092a13fb8143d9896","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:05.233664Z","signature_b64":"vz+eqtuKB+8RjKG+9d4BhMbGfgll8TT1SoiNgf56YMEW+x3rEwQ2pmSm2xtcz//jpddNDKP3zxEluJ+D2isDCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e25ffaddcd35d560d3fcacbe2a147b8d72fda9e341d6a72092a13fb8143d9896","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:05.233069Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:05.233069Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1405.7367","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/kl0HWYzv2OR7NpqRXC4NiCfs7W8J5MdbQAACcxVEeF+SSfH0BXprZjMspnAb81b/rFoj4EUFdB2wXlRg8hwBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-20T23:41:38.548993Z"},"content_sha256":"94d21f7d163bb5fa26ce198270123d9d74de9228c92e9acdb1ecc197e98b6464","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:94d21f7d163bb5fa26ce198270123d9d74de9228c92e9acdb1ecc197e98b6464"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:4JP7VXONGXKWBU74VS7CUFD3RV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The formation of CDM haloes II: collapse time and tides","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Aaron D. Ludlow, Bonn, Cristiano Porciani (Argelander-Institut f\\\"ur Astronomie, Germany), Mikolaj Borzyszkowski","submitted_at":"2014-05-28T20:00:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"We use two cosmological simulations of structure formation in the LambdaCDM scenario to study the evolutionary histories of dark-matter haloes and to characterize the Lagrangian regions from which they form. We focus on haloes identified at redshift z_id=0 and show that the classic ellipsoidal collapse model systematically overestimates their collapse times. If one imposes that halo collapse takes place at z_id, this model requires starting from a significantly lower linear density contrast than what is measured in the simulations at the locations of halo formation. We attempt to explain this "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1405.7367","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:05Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DjcAyHGjrmNoDAVH+QLn8i19/lmiBXlSefEuQ91LNlsEmgfFA3kFZbrHKuViOUtBND5PC4DNTW2m6BMzox1FAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-20T23:41:38.549529Z"},"content_sha256":"1faa0013b1a3768978848c80d00de8ff28a07d289ed7491c25a9bbdc1e7d7405","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1faa0013b1a3768978848c80d00de8ff28a07d289ed7491c25a9bbdc1e7d7405"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4JP7VXONGXKWBU74VS7CUFD3RV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4JP7VXONGXKWBU74VS7CUFD3RV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4JP7VXONGXKWBU74VS7CUFD3RV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-20T23:41:38Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4JP7VXONGXKWBU74VS7CUFD3RV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4JP7VXONGXKWBU74VS7CUFD3RV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4JP7VXONGXKWBU74VS7CUFD3RV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4JP7VXONGXKWBU74VS7CUFD3RV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:4JP7VXONGXKWBU74VS7CUFD3RV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dc7d8f2aecc86ff6e2a4819574fda7e06d55e674a24f61f690c8b90b795fb860","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2014-05-28T20:00:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"69d9ca44b9b4de34aee88afc83d0eb44b6047a8b5ae0f0eacfb59fd65de5e06a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1405.7367","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1405.7367","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1405.7367v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1405.7367","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4JP7VXONGXKW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4JP7VXONGXKWBU74","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4JP7VXON","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1faa0013b1a3768978848c80d00de8ff28a07d289ed7491c25a9bbdc1e7d7405","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We use two cosmological simulations of structure formation in the LambdaCDM scenario to study the evolutionary histories of dark-matter haloes and to characterize the Lagrangian regions from which they form. We focus on haloes identified at redshift z_id=0 and show that the classic ellipsoidal collapse model systematically overestimates their collapse times. If one imposes that halo collapse takes place at z_id, this model requires starting from a significantly lower linear density contrast than what is measured in the simulations at the locations of halo formation. We attempt to explain this ","authors_text":"Aaron D. Ludlow, Bonn, Cristiano Porciani (Argelander-Institut f\\\"ur Astronomie, Germany), Mikolaj Borzyszkowski","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2014-05-28T20:00:15Z","title":"The formation of CDM haloes II: collapse time and tides"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1405.7367","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:94d21f7d163bb5fa26ce198270123d9d74de9228c92e9acdb1ecc197e98b6464","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dc7d8f2aecc86ff6e2a4819574fda7e06d55e674a24f61f690c8b90b795fb860","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2014-05-28T20:00:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"69d9ca44b9b4de34aee88afc83d0eb44b6047a8b5ae0f0eacfb59fd65de5e06a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1405.7367","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"e25ffaddcd35d560d3fcacbe2a147b8d72fda9e341d6a72092a13fb8143d9896","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e25ffaddcd35d560d3fcacbe2a147b8d72fda9e341d6a72092a13fb8143d9896","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:05.233069Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:05.233069Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"vz+eqtuKB+8RjKG+9d4BhMbGfgll8TT1SoiNgf56YMEW+x3rEwQ2pmSm2xtcz//jpddNDKP3zxEluJ+D2isDCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:43:05.233664Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1405.7367","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:94d21f7d163bb5fa26ce198270123d9d74de9228c92e9acdb1ecc197e98b6464","sha256:1faa0013b1a3768978848c80d00de8ff28a07d289ed7491c25a9bbdc1e7d7405"],"state_sha256":"8fda4d4d74aae90c6d672c24b9417bb1132fc394b089a326c9df875a1c109176"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Rg5KO//bwD5Nh5zFrKUXhzrHCTGADholywuQTrm6di1K2VrUmro56YPYjmtjjq4ujQARk2y5TTP3ypyi8rFlBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-20T23:41:38.552482Z","bundle_sha256":"46201e2381663350ccee6ed3f1d3c73f302b89c9647b5d0ca360c891fda09139"}}