{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:4JZN5KA2UH4OJO3EBGG6XM2NNR","short_pith_number":"pith:4JZN5KA2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1102.3897","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2011-02-18T20:00:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ins-det","physics.pop-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"b3e2e412407c77ceb07a1dde03847d5bde3ba8d60c068955a289e2b0a4d8cb95","abstract_canon_sha256":"48f343a0c80c609f122683bd91708dbd48e0776c9275af966db915aa42abf081"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e272dea81aa1f8e4bb64098debb34d6c78ee7423d5e66825159c9b45e527d493","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1102.3897","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1102.3897","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1102.3897v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1102.3897","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4JZN5KA2UH4O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4JZN5KA2UH4OJO3E","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4JZN5KA2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:20Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:4JZN5KA2UH4OJO3EBGG6XM2NNR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1102.3897","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2011-02-18T20:00:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ins-det","physics.pop-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"b3e2e412407c77ceb07a1dde03847d5bde3ba8d60c068955a289e2b0a4d8cb95","abstract_canon_sha256":"48f343a0c80c609f122683bd91708dbd48e0776c9275af966db915aa42abf081"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e272dea81aa1f8e4bb64098debb34d6c78ee7423d5e66825159c9b45e527d493","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:36.816985Z","signature_b64":"u2QnXi0WPGQSmm5P/Kt1AVFVQxoHwhWNyyvfKvoRbe6vjtI4VUnVJPrzk57kbkqkl3AMIsNp9nA0HyEi1svTDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e272dea81aa1f8e4bb64098debb34d6c78ee7423d5e66825159c9b45e527d493","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:36.816552Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:36.816552Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1102.3897","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WrZivz1Hl/A78CebtJJO1jYS4ek8bRdIRHguyoVXWqHbkxG64f3fxPKNMIULU37V8uFSIezIgiTpGxLToj6JAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T08:32:22.433380Z"},"content_sha256":"d87b2c10d58269bb3dba058c3a525764b7a2c2f4d595535518cf312c936987af","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d87b2c10d58269bb3dba058c3a525764b7a2c2f4d595535518cf312c936987af"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:4JZN5KA2UH4OJO3EBGG6XM2NNR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"General scaling limitations of ground-plane and isolated-object cloaks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.ins-det","physics.pop-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"A. Oskooi, Hila Hashemi, J. D. Joannopoulos, Steven G. Johnson","submitted_at":"2011-02-18T20:00:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"We prove that, for arbitrary three-dimensional transformation-based invisibility cloaking of an object above a ground plane or of isolated object, there are practical constraints that increase with the object size. In particular, we show that the cloak thickness must scale proportional to the thickness of the object being cloaked, assuming bounded refractive indices, and that absorption discrepancies and other imperfections must scale inversely with the object thickness. For isolated objects, we also show that bounded refractive indices imply a lower bound on the effective cross-section."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1102.3897","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WvY5LnEKY3LhJjTJEF/+vIODYAKeA8voe0rTI08ZdaszCNiYoldXq4Ef0pn36XYFoWsoMMYW/kXKma8oupUfAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T08:32:22.434029Z"},"content_sha256":"a49341ef213a7cdc13c9ec69cd395d31a1d8423fe8292c69988db8513905e265","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a49341ef213a7cdc13c9ec69cd395d31a1d8423fe8292c69988db8513905e265"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4JZN5KA2UH4OJO3EBGG6XM2NNR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4JZN5KA2UH4OJO3EBGG6XM2NNR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4JZN5KA2UH4OJO3EBGG6XM2NNR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T08:32:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4JZN5KA2UH4OJO3EBGG6XM2NNR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4JZN5KA2UH4OJO3EBGG6XM2NNR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4JZN5KA2UH4OJO3EBGG6XM2NNR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4JZN5KA2UH4OJO3EBGG6XM2NNR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:4JZN5KA2UH4OJO3EBGG6XM2NNR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"48f343a0c80c609f122683bd91708dbd48e0776c9275af966db915aa42abf081","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ins-det","physics.pop-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2011-02-18T20:00:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"b3e2e412407c77ceb07a1dde03847d5bde3ba8d60c068955a289e2b0a4d8cb95"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1102.3897","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1102.3897","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1102.3897v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1102.3897","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4JZN5KA2UH4O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4JZN5KA2UH4OJO3E","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4JZN5KA2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:20Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a49341ef213a7cdc13c9ec69cd395d31a1d8423fe8292c69988db8513905e265","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We prove that, for arbitrary three-dimensional transformation-based invisibility cloaking of an object above a ground plane or of isolated object, there are practical constraints that increase with the object size. In particular, we show that the cloak thickness must scale proportional to the thickness of the object being cloaked, assuming bounded refractive indices, and that absorption discrepancies and other imperfections must scale inversely with the object thickness. For isolated objects, we also show that bounded refractive indices imply a lower bound on the effective cross-section.","authors_text":"A. Oskooi, Hila Hashemi, J. D. Joannopoulos, Steven G. Johnson","cross_cats":["physics.ins-det","physics.pop-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2011-02-18T20:00:27Z","title":"General scaling limitations of ground-plane and isolated-object cloaks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1102.3897","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d87b2c10d58269bb3dba058c3a525764b7a2c2f4d595535518cf312c936987af","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"48f343a0c80c609f122683bd91708dbd48e0776c9275af966db915aa42abf081","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ins-det","physics.pop-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2011-02-18T20:00:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"b3e2e412407c77ceb07a1dde03847d5bde3ba8d60c068955a289e2b0a4d8cb95"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1102.3897","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"e272dea81aa1f8e4bb64098debb34d6c78ee7423d5e66825159c9b45e527d493","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e272dea81aa1f8e4bb64098debb34d6c78ee7423d5e66825159c9b45e527d493","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:36.816552Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:36.816552Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"u2QnXi0WPGQSmm5P/Kt1AVFVQxoHwhWNyyvfKvoRbe6vjtI4VUnVJPrzk57kbkqkl3AMIsNp9nA0HyEi1svTDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:36.816985Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1102.3897","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d87b2c10d58269bb3dba058c3a525764b7a2c2f4d595535518cf312c936987af","sha256:a49341ef213a7cdc13c9ec69cd395d31a1d8423fe8292c69988db8513905e265"],"state_sha256":"8d4931fd8e433bf0ae955b8ad92b910a3bba7942325c22fe98071277be8a9335"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3LVMHozN22sflar2g/JoT3CeV8X7MIB25cBLK+xmqlKtuz/f9BE+yXu5L/rcz27JBLZ2RqHfkpUrK4q6QWuSCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T08:32:22.437759Z","bundle_sha256":"66ab50cd678c0c686b50f13ffa8f8b908e4400deb4178ab5f664e900421d6312"}}