{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:4K5GM3ZGGSAS22JGJVAWVL2IQQ","short_pith_number":"pith:4K5GM3ZG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2403.06906","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-03-11T16:57:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"76239d5c4765639832b3c58f84ac1eccf66966989d8b3a09af4d08fa9049b9f1","abstract_canon_sha256":"6267e04119ccfc2fb3fb671ca31b48eb2e5cadfd8b64663d125e5cce9447f666"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e2ba666f2634812d69264d416aaf48843b50753101003bcab5b91b8b12713558","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2403.06906","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2403.06906","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2403.06906v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2403.06906","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4K5GM3ZGGSAS","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4K5GM3ZGGSAS22JG","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4K5GM3ZG","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:4K5GM3ZGGSAS22JGJVAWVL2IQQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2403.06906","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-03-11T16:57:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"76239d5c4765639832b3c58f84ac1eccf66966989d8b3a09af4d08fa9049b9f1","abstract_canon_sha256":"6267e04119ccfc2fb3fb671ca31b48eb2e5cadfd8b64663d125e5cce9447f666"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e2ba666f2634812d69264d416aaf48843b50753101003bcab5b91b8b12713558","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01.182162Z","signature_b64":"0mMaIlcTVxwEqU08TdrKGtCa58eIQfh2emmfIfjG9MOyzakpFWiBEkUzRT/vC2JWJFTQG3GFHt9I7sDC8VtKDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e2ba666f2634812d69264d416aaf48843b50753101003bcab5b91b8b12713558","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01.181668Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01.181668Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2403.06906","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9j4YGN/025Hn8roHUa6BZ6aoZh4CCIe3LWj8QF4FYnA2NJVRlLOIwq4OvCuuQGORyZxALY72HhoL2mvMaMu0Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T04:59:31.325274Z"},"content_sha256":"a1ae96136221dc8e7e4b63591d4a4eda4c4a7c9e7bc523c2fb784773d9e1d0bc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a1ae96136221dc8e7e4b63591d4a4eda4c4a7c9e7bc523c2fb784773d9e1d0bc"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:4K5GM3ZGGSAS22JGJVAWVL2IQQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Cost-Sensitive Learning to Defer to Multiple Experts with Workload Constraints","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Diogo Leit\\~ao, Javier Li\\'ebana, Jean V. Alves, Marco O. P. Sampaio, M\\'ario A. T. Figueiredo, Pedro Bizarro, Pedro Saleiro, S\\'ergio Jesus","submitted_at":"2024-03-11T16:57:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Learning to defer (L2D) aims to improve human-AI collaboration systems by learning how to defer decisions to humans when they are more likely to be correct than an ML classifier. Existing research in L2D overlooks key real-world aspects that impede its practical adoption, namely: i) neglecting cost-sensitive scenarios, where type I and type II errors have different costs; ii) requiring concurrent human predictions for every instance of the training dataset; and iii) not dealing with human work-capacity constraints. To address these issues, we propose the \\textit{deferral under cost and capacit"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2403.06906","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2403.06906/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kNzLJlJVzPdFVkbTKxaskMy11F8EwW0Bg/9rxdkTP/zbgdlFJ54JF9SHgI038WoViBrTzgC4vl5pNSTRtUT+Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T04:59:31.325778Z"},"content_sha256":"788ae8b43c2db8a80ecdfbc2d64dc5fd4364e8a9b2c2cac63ae8f2e8a5ca0b32","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:788ae8b43c2db8a80ecdfbc2d64dc5fd4364e8a9b2c2cac63ae8f2e8a5ca0b32"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4K5GM3ZGGSAS22JGJVAWVL2IQQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4K5GM3ZGGSAS22JGJVAWVL2IQQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4K5GM3ZGGSAS22JGJVAWVL2IQQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-17T04:59:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4K5GM3ZGGSAS22JGJVAWVL2IQQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4K5GM3ZGGSAS22JGJVAWVL2IQQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4K5GM3ZGGSAS22JGJVAWVL2IQQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4K5GM3ZGGSAS22JGJVAWVL2IQQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:4K5GM3ZGGSAS22JGJVAWVL2IQQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6267e04119ccfc2fb3fb671ca31b48eb2e5cadfd8b64663d125e5cce9447f666","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-03-11T16:57:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"76239d5c4765639832b3c58f84ac1eccf66966989d8b3a09af4d08fa9049b9f1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2403.06906","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2403.06906","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2403.06906v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2403.06906","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4K5GM3ZGGSAS","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4K5GM3ZGGSAS22JG","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4K5GM3ZG","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:788ae8b43c2db8a80ecdfbc2d64dc5fd4364e8a9b2c2cac63ae8f2e8a5ca0b32","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2403.06906/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Learning to defer (L2D) aims to improve human-AI collaboration systems by learning how to defer decisions to humans when they are more likely to be correct than an ML classifier. Existing research in L2D overlooks key real-world aspects that impede its practical adoption, namely: i) neglecting cost-sensitive scenarios, where type I and type II errors have different costs; ii) requiring concurrent human predictions for every instance of the training dataset; and iii) not dealing with human work-capacity constraints. To address these issues, we propose the \\textit{deferral under cost and capacit","authors_text":"Diogo Leit\\~ao, Javier Li\\'ebana, Jean V. Alves, Marco O. P. Sampaio, M\\'ario A. T. Figueiredo, Pedro Bizarro, Pedro Saleiro, S\\'ergio Jesus","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-03-11T16:57:20Z","title":"Cost-Sensitive Learning to Defer to Multiple Experts with Workload Constraints"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2403.06906","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a1ae96136221dc8e7e4b63591d4a4eda4c4a7c9e7bc523c2fb784773d9e1d0bc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6267e04119ccfc2fb3fb671ca31b48eb2e5cadfd8b64663d125e5cce9447f666","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-03-11T16:57:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"76239d5c4765639832b3c58f84ac1eccf66966989d8b3a09af4d08fa9049b9f1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2403.06906","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"e2ba666f2634812d69264d416aaf48843b50753101003bcab5b91b8b12713558","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e2ba666f2634812d69264d416aaf48843b50753101003bcab5b91b8b12713558","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01.181668Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01.181668Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"0mMaIlcTVxwEqU08TdrKGtCa58eIQfh2emmfIfjG9MOyzakpFWiBEkUzRT/vC2JWJFTQG3GFHt9I7sDC8VtKDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:57:01.182162Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2403.06906","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a1ae96136221dc8e7e4b63591d4a4eda4c4a7c9e7bc523c2fb784773d9e1d0bc","sha256:788ae8b43c2db8a80ecdfbc2d64dc5fd4364e8a9b2c2cac63ae8f2e8a5ca0b32"],"state_sha256":"de0ef56d414a2bf29b0b569d636a36811a5be9897c928576f5ea4f6602eaa0e5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uJjn08vrJvuAEnIcWPVMGM1BOYTkBu1O+tJR5KpI0GDtY63ZplOc6nVgj9nydqo2LcBNrwGKLmQKI9ekmGZMAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T04:59:31.334501Z","bundle_sha256":"775c06f72ac3ae1e61e6ac6fcc5622e5cf5b271d3d183af4eb1f8e1855f74e21"}}