{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2024:4KWZRXIYJWGYTRRYOKLBRF3BAB","short_pith_number":"pith:4KWZRXIY","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"e2ad98dd184d8d89c6387296189761004f03f129ccf3b7814cdf8f8480a51621","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2412.04770","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Comparison of bar formation mechanisms I: does a tidally-induced bar rotate slower than an internally-induced bar?","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Juntai Shen, Yirui Zheng","submitted_at":"2024-12-06T04:31:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"Galactic bars can form via the internal bar instability or external tidal perturbations by other galaxies. We systematically compare the properties of bars formed through the two mechanisms with a series of controlled $N$-body simulations that form bars through internal or external mechanisms. We create three disk galaxy models with different dynamical ``hotness'' and evolve them in isolation and under flyby interactions. In the cold and warm disk models, where bars can form spontaneously in isolation, tidally-induced bars are promoted to a more ``advanced'' evolutionary stage. However, these "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.04770","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2024-12-06T04:31:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1750982f003f9234166304e6b1edcb3f1abbac95331d1c51081ce78161d414eb","abstract_canon_sha256":"1056502cccd1f35d7b605dee539c29c94a508b6859db9ae6e9cef3c2dbd06327"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:23.541139Z","signature_b64":"M/ffY9nsVLa/X7U7CoBpEpfHqTZS5Zfs3MNLUuL6dfnczyvFcIuLyEWDKLqnfo3dEd9El3YXgaPBaRPzU4RRBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e2ad98dd184d8d89c6387296189761004f03f129ccf3b7814cdf8f8480a51621","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:23.540644Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:23.540644Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Comparison of bar formation mechanisms I: does a tidally-induced bar rotate slower than an internally-induced bar?","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Juntai Shen, Yirui Zheng","submitted_at":"2024-12-06T04:31:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"Galactic bars can form via the internal bar instability or external tidal perturbations by other galaxies. We systematically compare the properties of bars formed through the two mechanisms with a series of controlled $N$-body simulations that form bars through internal or external mechanisms. We create three disk galaxy models with different dynamical ``hotness'' and evolve them in isolation and under flyby interactions. In the cold and warm disk models, where bars can form spontaneously in isolation, tidally-induced bars are promoted to a more ``advanced'' evolutionary stage. However, these "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.04770","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2412.04770/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.04770","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:23.540709+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.04770v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:23.540709+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.04770","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:23.540709+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4KWZRXIYJWGY","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:23.540709+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4KWZRXIYJWGYTRRY","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:23.540709+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4KWZRXIY","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:23.540709+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/4KWZRXIYJWGYTRRYOKLBRF3BAB","json":"https://pith.science/pith/4KWZRXIYJWGYTRRYOKLBRF3BAB.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4KWZRXIYJWGYTRRYOKLBRF3BAB/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4KWZRXIYJWGYTRRYOKLBRF3BAB/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/4KWZRXIY"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/4KWZRXIYJWGYTRRYOKLBRF3BAB","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/4KWZRXIYJWGYTRRYOKLBRF3BAB.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/4KWZRXIY","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2412.04770&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4KWZRXIYJWGYTRRYOKLBRF3BAB/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4KWZRXIYJWGYTRRYOKLBRF3BAB/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/4KWZRXIYJWGYTRRYOKLBRF3BAB/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/4KWZRXIYJWGYTRRYOKLBRF3BAB/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/4KWZRXIYJWGYTRRYOKLBRF3BAB/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/4KWZRXIYJWGYTRRYOKLBRF3BAB/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/4KWZRXIYJWGYTRRYOKLBRF3BAB/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:23.540709+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T09:45:23.540709+00:00"}