{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:4LC37PDNOKRWLUMEZBOB5CKFL4","short_pith_number":"pith:4LC37PDN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0903.3881","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2009-03-23T15:55:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"acc021c1880e2deffd90dc6325e9f2fc0f1cee1f5a81a264284a08439dab0d47","abstract_canon_sha256":"b0da89c9c8ba122bba1104689c835656ded03011ea92f09c57124b3ca91aec9b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e2c5bfbc6d72a365d184c85c1e89455f2e4a88953d3d7e93b9ef9ddbd7869d76","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0903.3881","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0903.3881","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0903.3881v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0903.3881","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4LC37PDNOKRW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4LC37PDNOKRWLUME","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4LC37PDN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:4LC37PDNOKRWLUMEZBOB5CKFL4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0903.3881","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2009-03-23T15:55:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"acc021c1880e2deffd90dc6325e9f2fc0f1cee1f5a81a264284a08439dab0d47","abstract_canon_sha256":"b0da89c9c8ba122bba1104689c835656ded03011ea92f09c57124b3ca91aec9b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e2c5bfbc6d72a365d184c85c1e89455f2e4a88953d3d7e93b9ef9ddbd7869d76","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:00.229808Z","signature_b64":"Oo7HTmbVWSON7ragABG0FTXEZxSH8ZArf1oArjvXn2AWsfna6/rPxj0pW7hfBSCxclV0TaO6hFXkCE7qUlXMAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e2c5bfbc6d72a365d184c85c1e89455f2e4a88953d3d7e93b9ef9ddbd7869d76","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:00.229357Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:00.229357Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0903.3881","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"185+KRq/8cqEz1NQ9x1XgMibgTHGNmK3w19mf8n08nuHEpH4nMrUd0hgZhRIUa49Q/qItHM7d9BfvUyAqplHAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T14:42:31.680882Z"},"content_sha256":"d53ec8148ddb50ca8e52b2e0c4773e5ca6f88e442954470d30976c4d22edd2e1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d53ec8148ddb50ca8e52b2e0c4773e5ca6f88e442954470d30976c4d22edd2e1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:4LC37PDNOKRWLUMEZBOB5CKFL4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A conformally coupled massive scalar field in the de Sitter expanding universe with the mass term treated as a perturbation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Atsushi Higuchi, Yen Cheong Lee","submitted_at":"2009-03-23T15:55:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study conformally-coupled massive scalar field theory with the mass term treated as a perturbation in the expanding half of de Sitter spacetime as a toy model for comparing various perturbative formalisms. We point out that the in-out perturbation theory breaks down due to infrared divergences coming from the infinite future. We then clarify the relation between the free-theory vacuum and the true vacuum using the Bogolubov transformation and show that the discrepancy between the free-theory out-vacuum and the true vacuum causes apparent pair creation of free-theory particles and makes the "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0903.3881","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3OckTMIk11vNNpXHLeNNC6yrRYJSlDMttJFP9wQYcOdFbelh1V/nMcrjdZoHp+PbDCamt91o3DUFxesC6vOxAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T14:42:31.681564Z"},"content_sha256":"e6c4cb499932a98cd830a1c7d1bb31c30ecdeaca1bd1e99ffca10943bec7b236","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e6c4cb499932a98cd830a1c7d1bb31c30ecdeaca1bd1e99ffca10943bec7b236"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4LC37PDNOKRWLUMEZBOB5CKFL4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4LC37PDNOKRWLUMEZBOB5CKFL4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4LC37PDNOKRWLUMEZBOB5CKFL4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T14:42:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4LC37PDNOKRWLUMEZBOB5CKFL4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4LC37PDNOKRWLUMEZBOB5CKFL4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4LC37PDNOKRWLUMEZBOB5CKFL4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4LC37PDNOKRWLUMEZBOB5CKFL4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:4LC37PDNOKRWLUMEZBOB5CKFL4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b0da89c9c8ba122bba1104689c835656ded03011ea92f09c57124b3ca91aec9b","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2009-03-23T15:55:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"acc021c1880e2deffd90dc6325e9f2fc0f1cee1f5a81a264284a08439dab0d47"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0903.3881","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0903.3881","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0903.3881v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0903.3881","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4LC37PDNOKRW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4LC37PDNOKRWLUME","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4LC37PDN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e6c4cb499932a98cd830a1c7d1bb31c30ecdeaca1bd1e99ffca10943bec7b236","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study conformally-coupled massive scalar field theory with the mass term treated as a perturbation in the expanding half of de Sitter spacetime as a toy model for comparing various perturbative formalisms. We point out that the in-out perturbation theory breaks down due to infrared divergences coming from the infinite future. We then clarify the relation between the free-theory vacuum and the true vacuum using the Bogolubov transformation and show that the discrepancy between the free-theory out-vacuum and the true vacuum causes apparent pair creation of free-theory particles and makes the ","authors_text":"Atsushi Higuchi, Yen Cheong Lee","cross_cats":["hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2009-03-23T15:55:32Z","title":"A conformally coupled massive scalar field in the de Sitter expanding universe with the mass term treated as a perturbation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0903.3881","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d53ec8148ddb50ca8e52b2e0c4773e5ca6f88e442954470d30976c4d22edd2e1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b0da89c9c8ba122bba1104689c835656ded03011ea92f09c57124b3ca91aec9b","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2009-03-23T15:55:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"acc021c1880e2deffd90dc6325e9f2fc0f1cee1f5a81a264284a08439dab0d47"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0903.3881","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"e2c5bfbc6d72a365d184c85c1e89455f2e4a88953d3d7e93b9ef9ddbd7869d76","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e2c5bfbc6d72a365d184c85c1e89455f2e4a88953d3d7e93b9ef9ddbd7869d76","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:00.229357Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:00.229357Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Oo7HTmbVWSON7ragABG0FTXEZxSH8ZArf1oArjvXn2AWsfna6/rPxj0pW7hfBSCxclV0TaO6hFXkCE7qUlXMAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:35:00.229808Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0903.3881","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d53ec8148ddb50ca8e52b2e0c4773e5ca6f88e442954470d30976c4d22edd2e1","sha256:e6c4cb499932a98cd830a1c7d1bb31c30ecdeaca1bd1e99ffca10943bec7b236"],"state_sha256":"24ea62ce78f0c47f856de174ece3857172db979dba2bf0e5dadc4d2899ecd70b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YKe6CwqctAPtnXZVbfTDlQOkxNZFbkdD/N+7dhqkZFuwqc4kZPfaIOp+nQoBloODRSHY1erQkaarjSbsCq37DA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T14:42:31.685122Z","bundle_sha256":"d8387cff775984f69866c60e13c03603e3db8d060e1ab7a314732adb91467c29"}}