{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2025:4LCH52YA53RBMN3AUFRRFPZYQZ","short_pith_number":"pith:4LCH52YA","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"e2c47eeb00eee2163760a16312bf38864b4d938d5c7880ca71de565b2eed0b58","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2504.15386","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Assessing Surrogate Heterogeneity in Real World Data Using Meta-Learners","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Layla Parast, Rebecca Knowlton","submitted_at":"2025-04-21T18:54:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"Surrogate markers are most commonly studied within the context of randomized clinical trials. However, the need for alternative outcomes extends beyond these settings and may be more pronounced in real-world public health and social science research, where randomized trials are often impractical. Research on identifying surrogates in real-world non-randomized data is scarce, as available statistical approaches for evaluating surrogate markers tend to rely on the assumption that treatment is randomized. While the few methods that allow for non-randomized treatment/exposure appropriately handle "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2504.15386","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2025-04-21T18:54:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"fc6d40c9e6bb119649307b4d86e1778f9062e2ea4e1c8dd344cf704dbe4f3388","abstract_canon_sha256":"583d2ccad7480f2f0fd77afac1b765a5e6596e3a00dc2c896bc47c0b304b0ab3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:01.973029Z","signature_b64":"DUOOhQeUK32MlVmmvqXXxvlB4vhChk82kWKBBujNDuxdXgpEo31MApP/oeipJ9VxHOkdxGr34RY7/Jn0+bMKBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e2c47eeb00eee2163760a16312bf38864b4d938d5c7880ca71de565b2eed0b58","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:01.972567Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:01.972567Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Assessing Surrogate Heterogeneity in Real World Data Using Meta-Learners","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Layla Parast, Rebecca Knowlton","submitted_at":"2025-04-21T18:54:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"Surrogate markers are most commonly studied within the context of randomized clinical trials. However, the need for alternative outcomes extends beyond these settings and may be more pronounced in real-world public health and social science research, where randomized trials are often impractical. Research on identifying surrogates in real-world non-randomized data is scarce, as available statistical approaches for evaluating surrogate markers tend to rely on the assumption that treatment is randomized. While the few methods that allow for non-randomized treatment/exposure appropriately handle "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2504.15386","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2504.15386/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2504.15386","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:01.972627+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2504.15386v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:01.972627+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2504.15386","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:01.972627+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4LCH52YA53RB","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:01.972627+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4LCH52YA53RBMN3A","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:01.972627+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4LCH52YA","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:01.972627+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/4LCH52YA53RBMN3AUFRRFPZYQZ","json":"https://pith.science/pith/4LCH52YA53RBMN3AUFRRFPZYQZ.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4LCH52YA53RBMN3AUFRRFPZYQZ/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4LCH52YA53RBMN3AUFRRFPZYQZ/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/4LCH52YA"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/4LCH52YA53RBMN3AUFRRFPZYQZ","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/4LCH52YA53RBMN3AUFRRFPZYQZ.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/4LCH52YA","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2504.15386&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4LCH52YA53RBMN3AUFRRFPZYQZ/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4LCH52YA53RBMN3AUFRRFPZYQZ/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/4LCH52YA53RBMN3AUFRRFPZYQZ/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/4LCH52YA53RBMN3AUFRRFPZYQZ/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/4LCH52YA53RBMN3AUFRRFPZYQZ/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/4LCH52YA53RBMN3AUFRRFPZYQZ/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/4LCH52YA53RBMN3AUFRRFPZYQZ/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:01.972627+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T10:52:01.972627+00:00"}