{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2006:4NGOOD4BL7MT5QS4ZP53XLOQHK","short_pith_number":"pith:4NGOOD4B","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0604492","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2006-04-24T14:52:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"6a3442b9ee38e462d37782e666f6f40617b0cf5415189e6e9e2cb6395dddc93b","abstract_canon_sha256":"8294600ace88382ae3f9e9426b2a650e940f41889ff20d1c35b1206d6228c8b0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e34ce70f815fd93ec25ccbfbbbadd03a885876590c4fb270977f51a2f25571de","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/0604492","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0604492","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0604492v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0604492","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4NGOOD4BL7MT","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4NGOOD4BL7MT5QS4","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4NGOOD4B","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2006:4NGOOD4BL7MT5QS4ZP53XLOQHK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0604492","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2006-04-24T14:52:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"6a3442b9ee38e462d37782e666f6f40617b0cf5415189e6e9e2cb6395dddc93b","abstract_canon_sha256":"8294600ace88382ae3f9e9426b2a650e940f41889ff20d1c35b1206d6228c8b0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e34ce70f815fd93ec25ccbfbbbadd03a885876590c4fb270977f51a2f25571de","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18.888945Z","signature_b64":"n7xpjuGQLRZ2jSur3wASmbr2dEwn24/w5Fe0FrCTowud4Hc4esZijKECPL1E5cXPC2qm0J4Jh1+AxC7Tj/IoDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e34ce70f815fd93ec25ccbfbbbadd03a885876590c4fb270977f51a2f25571de","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18.888546Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18.888546Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/0604492","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+dnbI01ojiQVlr3jFTPEZH+FX+dJtoo6xC1wRIh4sK5j6sQ1nu33y1OGilCxiFZadS71GGAMH3pxIJM7lejpAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:41.168075Z"},"content_sha256":"384ba04a28c85436e68efeb96ce2cac96272146dfd9d63457bcd320650b53ebc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:384ba04a28c85436e68efeb96ce2cac96272146dfd9d63457bcd320650b53ebc"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2006:4NGOOD4BL7MT5QS4ZP53XLOQHK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Einstein and Jordan frames reconciled: a frame-invariant approach to scalar-tensor cosmology","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"L. Scarabello, M. Pietroni, R. Catena","submitted_at":"2006-04-24T14:52:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"Scalar-Tensor theories of gravity can be formulated in different frames, most notably, the Einstein and the Jordan one. While some debate still persists in the literature on the physical status of the different frames, a frame transformation in Scalar-Tensor theories amounts to a local redefinition of the metric, and then should not affect physical results. We analyze the issue in a cosmological context. In particular, we define all the relevant observables (redshift, distances, cross-sections, ...) in terms of frame-independent quantities. Then, we give a frame-independent formulation of the "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0604492","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0604492/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"m1tUltq0TBhAvaMk+gs+1ZHNTtDBd5vNbdYdnhE+/ZLziPLCrFBC3AQfqqNvIp71a2gi2OsPrBImpWT2KzOLDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:41.168511Z"},"content_sha256":"d2b967155182fe0c9cae5fcc0bc0e662af7ad150b2116ac54bc67d73750554f5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d2b967155182fe0c9cae5fcc0bc0e662af7ad150b2116ac54bc67d73750554f5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4NGOOD4BL7MT5QS4ZP53XLOQHK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4NGOOD4BL7MT5QS4ZP53XLOQHK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4NGOOD4BL7MT5QS4ZP53XLOQHK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:41Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4NGOOD4BL7MT5QS4ZP53XLOQHK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4NGOOD4BL7MT5QS4ZP53XLOQHK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4NGOOD4BL7MT5QS4ZP53XLOQHK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4NGOOD4BL7MT5QS4ZP53XLOQHK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2006:4NGOOD4BL7MT5QS4ZP53XLOQHK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8294600ace88382ae3f9e9426b2a650e940f41889ff20d1c35b1206d6228c8b0","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2006-04-24T14:52:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"6a3442b9ee38e462d37782e666f6f40617b0cf5415189e6e9e2cb6395dddc93b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0604492","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0604492","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0604492v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0604492","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4NGOOD4BL7MT","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4NGOOD4BL7MT5QS4","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4NGOOD4B","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d2b967155182fe0c9cae5fcc0bc0e662af7ad150b2116ac54bc67d73750554f5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0604492/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Scalar-Tensor theories of gravity can be formulated in different frames, most notably, the Einstein and the Jordan one. While some debate still persists in the literature on the physical status of the different frames, a frame transformation in Scalar-Tensor theories amounts to a local redefinition of the metric, and then should not affect physical results. We analyze the issue in a cosmological context. In particular, we define all the relevant observables (redshift, distances, cross-sections, ...) in terms of frame-independent quantities. Then, we give a frame-independent formulation of the ","authors_text":"L. Scarabello, M. Pietroni, R. Catena","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2006-04-24T14:52:31Z","title":"Einstein and Jordan frames reconciled: a frame-invariant approach to scalar-tensor cosmology"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0604492","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:384ba04a28c85436e68efeb96ce2cac96272146dfd9d63457bcd320650b53ebc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8294600ace88382ae3f9e9426b2a650e940f41889ff20d1c35b1206d6228c8b0","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph","hep-th"],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2006-04-24T14:52:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"6a3442b9ee38e462d37782e666f6f40617b0cf5415189e6e9e2cb6395dddc93b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0604492","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"e34ce70f815fd93ec25ccbfbbbadd03a885876590c4fb270977f51a2f25571de","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e34ce70f815fd93ec25ccbfbbbadd03a885876590c4fb270977f51a2f25571de","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18.888546Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18.888546Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"n7xpjuGQLRZ2jSur3wASmbr2dEwn24/w5Fe0FrCTowud4Hc4esZijKECPL1E5cXPC2qm0J4Jh1+AxC7Tj/IoDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:22:18.888945Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/0604492","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:384ba04a28c85436e68efeb96ce2cac96272146dfd9d63457bcd320650b53ebc","sha256:d2b967155182fe0c9cae5fcc0bc0e662af7ad150b2116ac54bc67d73750554f5"],"state_sha256":"db7cba0eff04ea48130b555aa9c651728231a03f6d6dbd4b8e8a95373d02058d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"immiCxLCltcKEA+b04EL6ZCiEdz5ttdHOgI01cIS0gIYfWbU/EwQhvFNBfqWH4IRy16YFPusYe5c0BWXGxRnBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:14:41.170574Z","bundle_sha256":"35e01487bd402f21f0ea292f202ba8a0b5e1641f3aa93f8b41c4544875ab6f9a"}}