{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:4OERUGJI6XAZ6PWDUT6QXZYYTN","short_pith_number":"pith:4OERUGJI","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2003.07520","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-03-17T04:18:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","cs.LO"],"title_canon_sha256":"18342aaebbebb4e24321f6e51b43c85079b87bdf3a4b26dfa15b80c0df2b0928","abstract_canon_sha256":"3821d4862a9f4f36aab998988e1d7eb9eb73e02e6ba060f1f1b5002afa54b20a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e3891a1928f5c19f3ec3a4fd0be7189b5c295e64d55e6538b6c829bd58d83631","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2003.07520","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2003.07520","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2003.07520v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2003.07520","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4OERUGJI6XAZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4OERUGJI6XAZ6PWD","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4OERUGJI","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:4OERUGJI6XAZ6PWDUT6QXZYYTN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2003.07520","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-03-17T04:18:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","cs.LO"],"title_canon_sha256":"18342aaebbebb4e24321f6e51b43c85079b87bdf3a4b26dfa15b80c0df2b0928","abstract_canon_sha256":"3821d4862a9f4f36aab998988e1d7eb9eb73e02e6ba060f1f1b5002afa54b20a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e3891a1928f5c19f3ec3a4fd0be7189b5c295e64d55e6538b6c829bd58d83631","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20.416515Z","signature_b64":"j89f3WSy1TwW1Tcm8pE0k6TvuEqds0tElZ7ZPCmyxBKmWEUyUI7MucE8PTMKsFSX+62HupenDI4umEZ44TGHAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e3891a1928f5c19f3ec3a4fd0be7189b5c295e64d55e6538b6c829bd58d83631","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20.416057Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20.416057Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2003.07520","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PRNVG3uhxinGxGUNYApJBPfW7OZxgki8CsIwtyIq+uoHC8YHgEai8eysYxYP72Pi8IC9o+wk/ChOjL+CXgIqBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-01T12:35:03.761234Z"},"content_sha256":"2aa4ffc40524297cfd22b5318e0803a89e66f736827bcb23878bb91cb33170b5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2aa4ffc40524297cfd22b5318e0803a89e66f736827bcb23878bb91cb33170b5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:4OERUGJI6XAZ6PWDUT6QXZYYTN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Foundations of Explainable Knowledge-Enabled Systems","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","cs.LO"],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Daniel M. Gruen, Deborah L. McGuinness, Oshani Seneviratne, Shruthi Chari","submitted_at":"2020-03-17T04:18:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"Explainability has been an important goal since the early days of Artificial Intelligence. Several approaches for producing explanations have been developed. However, many of these approaches were tightly coupled with the capabilities of the artificial intelligence systems at the time. With the proliferation of AI-enabled systems in sometimes critical settings, there is a need for them to be explainable to end-users and decision-makers. We present a historical overview of explainable artificial intelligence systems, with a focus on knowledge-enabled systems, spanning the expert systems, cognit"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2003.07520","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2003.07520/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wjRSdYIZeqXzz1Z2CqqoBgdW1FbYfD/xCoiiHwvKv8py4UViBDpnQGF0Ir+3a40ytCmYL2L0HLPzaHXCDna6BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-01T12:35:03.761903Z"},"content_sha256":"a0b6afc6f5b4ea567cb9636000df13fa504248510fa8896bde1c1224cc80a19f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a0b6afc6f5b4ea567cb9636000df13fa504248510fa8896bde1c1224cc80a19f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4OERUGJI6XAZ6PWDUT6QXZYYTN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4OERUGJI6XAZ6PWDUT6QXZYYTN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4OERUGJI6XAZ6PWDUT6QXZYYTN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-01T12:35:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4OERUGJI6XAZ6PWDUT6QXZYYTN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4OERUGJI6XAZ6PWDUT6QXZYYTN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4OERUGJI6XAZ6PWDUT6QXZYYTN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4OERUGJI6XAZ6PWDUT6QXZYYTN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:4OERUGJI6XAZ6PWDUT6QXZYYTN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3821d4862a9f4f36aab998988e1d7eb9eb73e02e6ba060f1f1b5002afa54b20a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","cs.LO"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-03-17T04:18:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"18342aaebbebb4e24321f6e51b43c85079b87bdf3a4b26dfa15b80c0df2b0928"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2003.07520","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2003.07520","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2003.07520v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2003.07520","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4OERUGJI6XAZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4OERUGJI6XAZ6PWD","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4OERUGJI","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a0b6afc6f5b4ea567cb9636000df13fa504248510fa8896bde1c1224cc80a19f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2003.07520/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Explainability has been an important goal since the early days of Artificial Intelligence. Several approaches for producing explanations have been developed. However, many of these approaches were tightly coupled with the capabilities of the artificial intelligence systems at the time. With the proliferation of AI-enabled systems in sometimes critical settings, there is a need for them to be explainable to end-users and decision-makers. We present a historical overview of explainable artificial intelligence systems, with a focus on knowledge-enabled systems, spanning the expert systems, cognit","authors_text":"Daniel M. Gruen, Deborah L. McGuinness, Oshani Seneviratne, Shruthi Chari","cross_cats":["cs.LG","cs.LO"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-03-17T04:18:48Z","title":"Foundations of Explainable Knowledge-Enabled Systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2003.07520","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2aa4ffc40524297cfd22b5318e0803a89e66f736827bcb23878bb91cb33170b5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3821d4862a9f4f36aab998988e1d7eb9eb73e02e6ba060f1f1b5002afa54b20a","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","cs.LO"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-03-17T04:18:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"18342aaebbebb4e24321f6e51b43c85079b87bdf3a4b26dfa15b80c0df2b0928"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2003.07520","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e3891a1928f5c19f3ec3a4fd0be7189b5c295e64d55e6538b6c829bd58d83631","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e3891a1928f5c19f3ec3a4fd0be7189b5c295e64d55e6538b6c829bd58d83631","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20.416057Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20.416057Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"j89f3WSy1TwW1Tcm8pE0k6TvuEqds0tElZ7ZPCmyxBKmWEUyUI7MucE8PTMKsFSX+62HupenDI4umEZ44TGHAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:49:20.416515Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2003.07520","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2aa4ffc40524297cfd22b5318e0803a89e66f736827bcb23878bb91cb33170b5","sha256:a0b6afc6f5b4ea567cb9636000df13fa504248510fa8896bde1c1224cc80a19f"],"state_sha256":"2f85ccd1baf9a773175a1aa23d984ab80d09e72c9fe095b8c6e9093438cb89da"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yGHg1B26uDBcTwyi5zaXG0NpqJxXwlKhvUReNQvf45eHX7VbOD5IhcOfdYdHIITDaLYYLAQYj76IeqhJnbgfDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-01T12:35:03.769243Z","bundle_sha256":"7f2b5c42f5cc52487829038c6e7387a538797c7fbe6a64adc7a2fecf9f6aeb5c"}}