{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:4PQHKFCYQDAGVBO6UL5RE6ALO5","short_pith_number":"pith:4PQHKFCY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2409.03949","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-09-06T00:13:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7c0159bd45c7f84a95fcf5ac6439d359f25035d226546b6903c835ba1cd4aee2","abstract_canon_sha256":"9657d4b92ea5c91c456dacaa63da9fe86a7fad6e6d80d071c5a022859642c9d2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e3e075145880c06a85dea2fb12780b77622a43a86233c15e5da882ba65489ae0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2409.03949","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2409.03949","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2409.03949v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2409.03949","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4PQHKFCYQDAG","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4PQHKFCYQDAGVBO6","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4PQHKFCY","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:4PQHKFCYQDAGVBO6UL5RE6ALO5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2409.03949","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-09-06T00:13:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7c0159bd45c7f84a95fcf5ac6439d359f25035d226546b6903c835ba1cd4aee2","abstract_canon_sha256":"9657d4b92ea5c91c456dacaa63da9fe86a7fad6e6d80d071c5a022859642c9d2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e3e075145880c06a85dea2fb12780b77622a43a86233c15e5da882ba65489ae0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59.378550Z","signature_b64":"/UhuxmyqsEnR3VUv7+SWbKlZBgVVbMP+42ft8GV/xGOv7leOdbjVQpLhFoYX33JXEs6BlklVX6/0gHCQnGQ0AA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e3e075145880c06a85dea2fb12780b77622a43a86233c15e5da882ba65489ae0","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59.378110Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59.378110Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2409.03949","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"v27J+r3O2faAfSEMpvsznbck9qZCh1uL7d0KB+Zftmmj2ODYwdX7iv/X9iKWIBKosfzHI4SgahO7pi2CM/U7Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T08:10:47.052904Z"},"content_sha256":"355bec3cb7dc22b0a895da279b56c7df4148d4ae47419bd69b979248b5a3479a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:355bec3cb7dc22b0a895da279b56c7df4148d4ae47419bd69b979248b5a3479a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:4PQHKFCYQDAGVBO6UL5RE6ALO5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Visualizing Spatial Semantics of Dimensionally Reduced Text Embeddings","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"Chris North, Rebecca Faust, Wei Liu","submitted_at":"2024-09-06T00:13:12Z","abstract_excerpt":"Dimension reduction (DR) can transform high-dimensional text embeddings into a 2D visual projection facilitating the exploration of document similarities. However, the projection often lacks connection to the text semantics, due to the opaque nature of text embeddings and non-linear dimension reductions. To address these problems, we propose a gradient-based method for visualizing the spatial semantics of dimensionally reduced text embeddings. This method employs gradients to assess the sensitivity of the projected documents with respect to the underlying words. The method can be applied to ex"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2409.03949","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2409.03949/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/rbSXh4+uRmvKaGiY0Lm3l5p2H5K+p3q+4Oy0CuUtq3Uagk+t6WkY/WQ2bDan9/O8MAwopaSA7LwKohx08Q3CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T08:10:47.053819Z"},"content_sha256":"f6d43ea375a9952e34946c72c80c8dbfa143080a8b3a8954d17516a9e0bad970","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f6d43ea375a9952e34946c72c80c8dbfa143080a8b3a8954d17516a9e0bad970"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4PQHKFCYQDAGVBO6UL5RE6ALO5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4PQHKFCYQDAGVBO6UL5RE6ALO5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4PQHKFCYQDAGVBO6UL5RE6ALO5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T08:10:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4PQHKFCYQDAGVBO6UL5RE6ALO5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4PQHKFCYQDAGVBO6UL5RE6ALO5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4PQHKFCYQDAGVBO6UL5RE6ALO5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4PQHKFCYQDAGVBO6UL5RE6ALO5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:4PQHKFCYQDAGVBO6UL5RE6ALO5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9657d4b92ea5c91c456dacaa63da9fe86a7fad6e6d80d071c5a022859642c9d2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-09-06T00:13:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"7c0159bd45c7f84a95fcf5ac6439d359f25035d226546b6903c835ba1cd4aee2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2409.03949","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2409.03949","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2409.03949v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2409.03949","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4PQHKFCYQDAG","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4PQHKFCYQDAGVBO6","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4PQHKFCY","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f6d43ea375a9952e34946c72c80c8dbfa143080a8b3a8954d17516a9e0bad970","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2409.03949/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Dimension reduction (DR) can transform high-dimensional text embeddings into a 2D visual projection facilitating the exploration of document similarities. However, the projection often lacks connection to the text semantics, due to the opaque nature of text embeddings and non-linear dimension reductions. To address these problems, we propose a gradient-based method for visualizing the spatial semantics of dimensionally reduced text embeddings. This method employs gradients to assess the sensitivity of the projected documents with respect to the underlying words. The method can be applied to ex","authors_text":"Chris North, Rebecca Faust, Wei Liu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-09-06T00:13:12Z","title":"Visualizing Spatial Semantics of Dimensionally Reduced Text Embeddings"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2409.03949","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:355bec3cb7dc22b0a895da279b56c7df4148d4ae47419bd69b979248b5a3479a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9657d4b92ea5c91c456dacaa63da9fe86a7fad6e6d80d071c5a022859642c9d2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-09-06T00:13:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"7c0159bd45c7f84a95fcf5ac6439d359f25035d226546b6903c835ba1cd4aee2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2409.03949","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e3e075145880c06a85dea2fb12780b77622a43a86233c15e5da882ba65489ae0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e3e075145880c06a85dea2fb12780b77622a43a86233c15e5da882ba65489ae0","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59.378110Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59.378110Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"/UhuxmyqsEnR3VUv7+SWbKlZBgVVbMP+42ft8GV/xGOv7leOdbjVQpLhFoYX33JXEs6BlklVX6/0gHCQnGQ0AA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:03:59.378550Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2409.03949","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:355bec3cb7dc22b0a895da279b56c7df4148d4ae47419bd69b979248b5a3479a","sha256:f6d43ea375a9952e34946c72c80c8dbfa143080a8b3a8954d17516a9e0bad970"],"state_sha256":"621d77f1b7440bd469f66250ba36ed2dc0b6221b0970fcc86f96c21fbe05cdb5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hqaF7P25HwFsSEt1cjJqBp/+w11ckZxf89COIU7wjsaVyUPvlC8r/wlFhBidqyI6+aoNFILd3tTBpzK5bph7AA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T08:10:47.060011Z","bundle_sha256":"95cd0412a7332fb751985dadf6820b3d55cafbb513aec7a4fddd4e5121aa5afa"}}