{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2001:4QU74RZ3V5Y5QG6RZPZX4P3IIO","short_pith_number":"pith:4QU74RZ3","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"e429fe473baf71d81bd1cbf37e3f684386e142debebabcd9761ab7e492ae7a12","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"gr-qc/0102049","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"On average properties of inhomogeneous fluids in general relativity II: perfect fluid cosmologies","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Thomas Buchert (Univ. of Geneva)","submitted_at":"2001-02-12T17:25:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"For general relativistic spacetimes filled with an irrotational perfect fluid a generalized form of Friedmann's equations governing the expansion factor of spatially averaged portions of inhomogeneous cosmologies is derived. The averaging problem for scalar quantities is condensed into the problem of finding an `effective equation of state' including kinematical as well as dynamical `backreaction' terms that measure the departure from a standard FLRW cosmology. Applications of the averaged models are outlined including radiation-dominated and scalar field cosmologies (inflationary and dilaton/"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"gr-qc/0102049","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2001-02-12T17:25:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"2184edd93de6ad8a9d86494ddd73aa407c436e955525496c4c7b26e02ab088ba","abstract_canon_sha256":"3cc1242cefd8d7b6f7dc917056332975ecbad6057b33510bea9251cf04151d64"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:26:31.756167Z","signature_b64":"6IfEITChDw70YMgA2jJVyIEWU4tUDAcp3g27SaLBaqU0Or9ET+ZeDU25NePvi5bob6sSmq+6DM0y7dwHpeXvCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e429fe473baf71d81bd1cbf37e3f684386e142debebabcd9761ab7e492ae7a12","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:26:31.755729Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:26:31.755729Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On average properties of inhomogeneous fluids in general relativity II: perfect fluid cosmologies","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Thomas Buchert (Univ. of Geneva)","submitted_at":"2001-02-12T17:25:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"For general relativistic spacetimes filled with an irrotational perfect fluid a generalized form of Friedmann's equations governing the expansion factor of spatially averaged portions of inhomogeneous cosmologies is derived. The averaging problem for scalar quantities is condensed into the problem of finding an `effective equation of state' including kinematical as well as dynamical `backreaction' terms that measure the departure from a standard FLRW cosmology. Applications of the averaged models are outlined including radiation-dominated and scalar field cosmologies (inflationary and dilaton/"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"gr-qc/0102049","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/gr-qc/0102049/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"gr-qc/0102049","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:26:31.755795+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"gr-qc/0102049v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:26:31.755795+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/0102049","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:26:31.755795+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4QU74RZ3V5Y5","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:26:31.755795+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4QU74RZ3V5Y5QG6R","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:26:31.755795+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4QU74RZ3","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:26:31.755795+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":4,"internal_anchor_count":4,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.30579","citing_title":"Mapping the Universe as a Bianchi I cosmology with Gaia data","ref_index":3,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.18437","citing_title":"Impact of inhomogeneous curvature on growth rate measurements from magnitude fluctuations","ref_index":114,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2103.01183","citing_title":"In the Realm of the Hubble tension $-$ a Review of Solutions","ref_index":52,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.00978","citing_title":"Nonlinear Lattice Framework for Inflation: Bridging stochastic inflation and the $\\delta{N}$ formalism","ref_index":113,"is_internal_anchor":true}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/4QU74RZ3V5Y5QG6RZPZX4P3IIO","json":"https://pith.science/pith/4QU74RZ3V5Y5QG6RZPZX4P3IIO.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4QU74RZ3V5Y5QG6RZPZX4P3IIO/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4QU74RZ3V5Y5QG6RZPZX4P3IIO/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/4QU74RZ3"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/4QU74RZ3V5Y5QG6RZPZX4P3IIO","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/4QU74RZ3V5Y5QG6RZPZX4P3IIO.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/4QU74RZ3","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=gr-qc/0102049&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4QU74RZ3V5Y5QG6RZPZX4P3IIO/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/4QU74RZ3V5Y5QG6RZPZX4P3IIO/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/4QU74RZ3V5Y5QG6RZPZX4P3IIO/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/4QU74RZ3V5Y5QG6RZPZX4P3IIO/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/4QU74RZ3V5Y5QG6RZPZX4P3IIO/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/4QU74RZ3V5Y5QG6RZPZX4P3IIO/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/4QU74RZ3V5Y5QG6RZPZX4P3IIO/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:26:31.755795+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-04T15:26:31.755795+00:00"}