{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:4R7MTCRUHJJO3SYPM6VBWV2VBH","short_pith_number":"pith:4R7MTCRU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1112.4906","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2011-12-21T01:57:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.PE"],"title_canon_sha256":"c4da97ac75e97171f9c5ead2d77ec9a9df18ea7334fe2721ca59804f07dba8d8","abstract_canon_sha256":"44b9e138a9343652dd7c5092aff5b38dd124e4a42e6f9696226db3f547332170"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e47ec98a343a52edcb0f67aa1b575509ff4c8d45febb48e9d2cc22d749a8a758","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1112.4906","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1112.4906","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1112.4906v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1112.4906","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4R7MTCRUHJJO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4R7MTCRUHJJO3SYP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4R7MTCRU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:20Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:4R7MTCRUHJJO3SYPM6VBWV2VBH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1112.4906","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2011-12-21T01:57:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.PE"],"title_canon_sha256":"c4da97ac75e97171f9c5ead2d77ec9a9df18ea7334fe2721ca59804f07dba8d8","abstract_canon_sha256":"44b9e138a9343652dd7c5092aff5b38dd124e4a42e6f9696226db3f547332170"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e47ec98a343a52edcb0f67aa1b575509ff4c8d45febb48e9d2cc22d749a8a758","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:56.936759Z","signature_b64":"nzOcNwYdY2iQ/Kur8m4QoVSQMb4t6PnquOWoGQ+ghxq1WNkdWBlrOaGFlwv4kTrLaNVcGaMVbw1qb0m8tla5Aw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e47ec98a343a52edcb0f67aa1b575509ff4c8d45febb48e9d2cc22d749a8a758","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:56.936085Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:56.936085Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1112.4906","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ds2WLOvNXcdqgenlJPjve0Oc+itaibnjfQUated7Kq6sAK4rgW2bUZWcCr/dQ1bjbLzaF3vWd8kS/T8+M82pBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T12:35:38.187582Z"},"content_sha256":"30398d48db99b1cae0f34d4a985f8c72d0d12f193b2480865dfd3b31b4accdd8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:30398d48db99b1cae0f34d4a985f8c72d0d12f193b2480865dfd3b31b4accdd8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:4R7MTCRUHJJO3SYPM6VBWV2VBH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Passive and Driven Trends in the Evolution of Complexity","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-bio.PE"],"primary_cat":"cs.NE","authors_text":"Larry Yaeger, Olaf Sporns, Virgil Griffith","submitted_at":"2011-12-21T01:57:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"The nature and source of evolutionary trends in complexity is difficult to assess from the fossil record, and the driven vs. passive nature of such trends has been debated for decades. There are also questions about how effectively artificial life software can evolve increasing levels of complexity. We extend our previous work demonstrating an evolutionary increase in an information theoretic measure of neural complexity in an artificial life system (Polyworld), and introduce a new technique for distinguishing driven from passive trends in complexity. Our experiments show that evolution can an"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1112.4906","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0zDylrfgI5LIOMSefZbmfuFYAToX25FYst2EER2I9wsV8GbkpxtbIYw6mPebGb1yEOQkhf/8ddteJOcDAm9ICg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T12:35:38.188267Z"},"content_sha256":"f6c821156247af63156ca3e2b80f8da283164e4f938e504ca817c5519980ca51","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f6c821156247af63156ca3e2b80f8da283164e4f938e504ca817c5519980ca51"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4R7MTCRUHJJO3SYPM6VBWV2VBH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4R7MTCRUHJJO3SYPM6VBWV2VBH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4R7MTCRUHJJO3SYPM6VBWV2VBH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-06T12:35:38Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4R7MTCRUHJJO3SYPM6VBWV2VBH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4R7MTCRUHJJO3SYPM6VBWV2VBH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4R7MTCRUHJJO3SYPM6VBWV2VBH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4R7MTCRUHJJO3SYPM6VBWV2VBH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:4R7MTCRUHJJO3SYPM6VBWV2VBH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"44b9e138a9343652dd7c5092aff5b38dd124e4a42e6f9696226db3f547332170","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.PE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2011-12-21T01:57:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"c4da97ac75e97171f9c5ead2d77ec9a9df18ea7334fe2721ca59804f07dba8d8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1112.4906","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1112.4906","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1112.4906v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1112.4906","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4R7MTCRUHJJO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4R7MTCRUHJJO3SYP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4R7MTCRU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:20Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f6c821156247af63156ca3e2b80f8da283164e4f938e504ca817c5519980ca51","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The nature and source of evolutionary trends in complexity is difficult to assess from the fossil record, and the driven vs. passive nature of such trends has been debated for decades. There are also questions about how effectively artificial life software can evolve increasing levels of complexity. We extend our previous work demonstrating an evolutionary increase in an information theoretic measure of neural complexity in an artificial life system (Polyworld), and introduce a new technique for distinguishing driven from passive trends in complexity. Our experiments show that evolution can an","authors_text":"Larry Yaeger, Olaf Sporns, Virgil Griffith","cross_cats":["q-bio.PE"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2011-12-21T01:57:31Z","title":"Passive and Driven Trends in the Evolution of Complexity"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1112.4906","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:30398d48db99b1cae0f34d4a985f8c72d0d12f193b2480865dfd3b31b4accdd8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"44b9e138a9343652dd7c5092aff5b38dd124e4a42e6f9696226db3f547332170","cross_cats_sorted":["q-bio.PE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2011-12-21T01:57:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"c4da97ac75e97171f9c5ead2d77ec9a9df18ea7334fe2721ca59804f07dba8d8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1112.4906","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e47ec98a343a52edcb0f67aa1b575509ff4c8d45febb48e9d2cc22d749a8a758","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e47ec98a343a52edcb0f67aa1b575509ff4c8d45febb48e9d2cc22d749a8a758","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:56.936085Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:56.936085Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"nzOcNwYdY2iQ/Kur8m4QoVSQMb4t6PnquOWoGQ+ghxq1WNkdWBlrOaGFlwv4kTrLaNVcGaMVbw1qb0m8tla5Aw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:05:56.936759Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1112.4906","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:30398d48db99b1cae0f34d4a985f8c72d0d12f193b2480865dfd3b31b4accdd8","sha256:f6c821156247af63156ca3e2b80f8da283164e4f938e504ca817c5519980ca51"],"state_sha256":"f291b47aa8f6d0fb6e7749a6fd5e87e36251693d9b2eb85c27f81dbcdf2ac809"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9sPu6GSN79nNgl9SnpXTqjzzn4UVjGPQVBcVsJZyH9XsOG9mihBthzm8b5SVResPH0KXHx3dWEHcgTtSj7Q0Bw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T12:35:38.192117Z","bundle_sha256":"d3daf0e8a9a9d914f13659248231f9039748e14f7dc9726a1d0207ec4449faa7"}}