{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:4RL6Q5FYDK55S6KKIOREFYULTC","short_pith_number":"pith:4RL6Q5FY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.05443","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2019-08-15T07:08:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"title_canon_sha256":"87391b0706747df5d8e8ea6e73d3f45fa6c729e69de77bca7c1c68e574906e63","abstract_canon_sha256":"b3391de5f0941a81419b1ecc2dd2237574027869c7ff14dce03e171fe7159047"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e457e874b81abbd9794a43a242e28b98bbf936c346f644d691848a6d20b69536","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1908.05443","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.05443","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.05443v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.05443","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4RL6Q5FYDK55","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4RL6Q5FYDK55S6KK","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4RL6Q5FY","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:4RL6Q5FYDK55S6KKIOREFYULTC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.05443","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2019-08-15T07:08:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"title_canon_sha256":"87391b0706747df5d8e8ea6e73d3f45fa6c729e69de77bca7c1c68e574906e63","abstract_canon_sha256":"b3391de5f0941a81419b1ecc2dd2237574027869c7ff14dce03e171fe7159047"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e457e874b81abbd9794a43a242e28b98bbf936c346f644d691848a6d20b69536","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15.696209Z","signature_b64":"vccW2kXcWfsxNjXhqCfrNzJENHI7i0EWkD7279V7lErkRBBWi2Xx+zQEk2hvea3AMZ57wCAicVh4gDsgQMenDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e457e874b81abbd9794a43a242e28b98bbf936c346f644d691848a6d20b69536","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15.695784Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15.695784Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1908.05443","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NP0eGxlqW5rI6V7pE1r7RYXcerRV3UpGPLicIf3mjDA3xzBDVSWJh2tTo4yQprkvuuFBUVK8WUeYaYbo0mkiBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T07:08:55.373736Z"},"content_sha256":"a83500a6c6085481b1c28d9ead8fbac8a869a3e51c3ff0e0a6abc16bb9528d47","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a83500a6c6085481b1c28d9ead8fbac8a869a3e51c3ff0e0a6abc16bb9528d47"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:4RL6Q5FYDK55S6KKIOREFYULTC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Why Finnish polytechnics reject top applicants","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-fin.EC"],"primary_cat":"econ.GN","authors_text":"Kristian Koerselman","submitted_at":"2019-08-15T07:08:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"I use a panel of higher education clearinghouse data to study the centralized assignment of applicants to Finnish polytechnics. I show that on a yearly basis, large numbers of top applicants unnecessarily remain unassigned to any program. There are programs which rejected applicants would find acceptable, but the assignment mechanism both discourages applicants from applying, and stops programs from admitting those who do. A mechanism which would admit each year's most eligible applicants has the potential to substantially reduce re-applications, thereby shortening the long queues into Finnish"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.05443","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1908.05443/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FBjjJas/cPxRT3flhUdguaMjN2Ii8oTyIL15JZ87jmrI/fV3x6QRZm8+fMyhtIGkGYPNcliUn1LeDswp/oE0BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T07:08:55.374242Z"},"content_sha256":"a8e2f85f00190349fa24e359504e2f1644150ef2beb3853a9c4b1f1407f3352b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a8e2f85f00190349fa24e359504e2f1644150ef2beb3853a9c4b1f1407f3352b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4RL6Q5FYDK55S6KKIOREFYULTC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4RL6Q5FYDK55S6KKIOREFYULTC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4RL6Q5FYDK55S6KKIOREFYULTC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T07:08:55Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4RL6Q5FYDK55S6KKIOREFYULTC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4RL6Q5FYDK55S6KKIOREFYULTC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4RL6Q5FYDK55S6KKIOREFYULTC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4RL6Q5FYDK55S6KKIOREFYULTC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:4RL6Q5FYDK55S6KKIOREFYULTC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b3391de5f0941a81419b1ecc2dd2237574027869c7ff14dce03e171fe7159047","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2019-08-15T07:08:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"87391b0706747df5d8e8ea6e73d3f45fa6c729e69de77bca7c1c68e574906e63"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.05443","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.05443","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.05443v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.05443","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4RL6Q5FYDK55","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4RL6Q5FYDK55S6KK","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4RL6Q5FY","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a8e2f85f00190349fa24e359504e2f1644150ef2beb3853a9c4b1f1407f3352b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1908.05443/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"I use a panel of higher education clearinghouse data to study the centralized assignment of applicants to Finnish polytechnics. I show that on a yearly basis, large numbers of top applicants unnecessarily remain unassigned to any program. There are programs which rejected applicants would find acceptable, but the assignment mechanism both discourages applicants from applying, and stops programs from admitting those who do. A mechanism which would admit each year's most eligible applicants has the potential to substantially reduce re-applications, thereby shortening the long queues into Finnish","authors_text":"Kristian Koerselman","cross_cats":["q-fin.EC"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2019-08-15T07:08:21Z","title":"Why Finnish polytechnics reject top applicants"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.05443","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a83500a6c6085481b1c28d9ead8fbac8a869a3e51c3ff0e0a6abc16bb9528d47","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b3391de5f0941a81419b1ecc2dd2237574027869c7ff14dce03e171fe7159047","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2019-08-15T07:08:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"87391b0706747df5d8e8ea6e73d3f45fa6c729e69de77bca7c1c68e574906e63"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.05443","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e457e874b81abbd9794a43a242e28b98bbf936c346f644d691848a6d20b69536","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e457e874b81abbd9794a43a242e28b98bbf936c346f644d691848a6d20b69536","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15.695784Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15.695784Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"vccW2kXcWfsxNjXhqCfrNzJENHI7i0EWkD7279V7lErkRBBWi2Xx+zQEk2hvea3AMZ57wCAicVh4gDsgQMenDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:18:15.696209Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1908.05443","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a83500a6c6085481b1c28d9ead8fbac8a869a3e51c3ff0e0a6abc16bb9528d47","sha256:a8e2f85f00190349fa24e359504e2f1644150ef2beb3853a9c4b1f1407f3352b"],"state_sha256":"e8b9cd211f5d361761d25337a3cafd90672d9e25f5c595e3ab8402d89b27735e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qnfCMkbT1lS9xMJAWCc25PKepYoqxGlnkTJZEtzxTRafO56YhHubot0pI4WUvRgvD11QjuYn600jjgiTBrOUBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T07:08:55.378697Z","bundle_sha256":"a0a92792de4cdcf26c6258d0d30e9f1be211d92758ba8813724e391da2763037"}}